A Diseases And Disorders Knowledge Quiz!
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- 1.
The following are more in favor of type I diabetes mellitus than type II, except:
- A.
Association with ketoacidosis
- B.
AssociationwithHLA-DR3orHLA-DR4
- C.
Strong family history of diabetes
- D.
Present of islet cell antibodies
- E.
Abrupt onset of signs and symptoms
Correct Answer
C. Strong family history of diabetesExplanation
Type I diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It is not directly influenced by a strong family history of diabetes. However, type II diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, has a stronger association with a family history of diabetes. Therefore, a strong family history of diabetes is more in favor of type II diabetes rather than type I.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Diabetes may be secondary to all of the following, except:
- A.
Cushing's syndrome
- B.
Thiazidetherapy
- C.
Acromegaly
- D.
Pancreatic carcinoma
- E.
Insulinoma
Correct Answer
E. InsulinomaExplanation
Insulinoma is not a cause of secondary diabetes. Insulinoma is a rare tumor of the pancreas that produces excessive amounts of insulin, leading to hypoglycemia rather than diabetes. In contrast, Cushing's syndrome, thiazide therapy, acromegaly, and pancreatic carcinoma can all cause secondary diabetes. Cushing's syndrome is a condition characterized by high levels of cortisol, which can lead to insulin resistance and diabetes. Thiazide therapy, a type of medication used to treat high blood pressure, can also cause insulin resistance. Acromegaly, a hormonal disorder, can lead to insulin resistance and diabetes. Pancreatic carcinoma, a type of pancreatic cancer, can cause destruction of the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to diabetes.Rate this question:
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- 3.
All of the following are complications of diabetes mellitus, except:
- A.
Macroglossia
- B.
Backgroundretinopathy
- C.
Cataracts
- D.
Mononeuritis multiplex
- E.
Impotence
Correct Answer
A. MacroglossiaExplanation
Macroglossia refers to an abnormally enlarged tongue, which is not typically associated with diabetes mellitus. However, complications such as background retinopathy, cataracts, mononeuritis multiplex, and impotence are commonly seen in individuals with diabetes mellitus. These complications arise due to the long-term effects of high blood sugar levels on various organs and tissues in the body. Background retinopathy affects the blood vessels in the retina, leading to vision problems. Cataracts cause clouding of the lens in the eye, impairing vision. Mononeuritis multiplex involves damage to multiple nerves, resulting in weakness and pain. Impotence, or erectile dysfunction, is a common complication in men with diabetes due to nerve and blood vessel damage.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The following about diabetic ketoacidosis are true, except:
- A.
Hypotension with tachycardia indicates profound fluid and electrolytes depletion
- B.
Thromboembolicpnenomenonisrecognizedcomplication
- C.
Total body potassium is high
- D.
More common in type I diabetes
- E.
Causes Kussmaul breathing
Correct Answer
C. Total body potassium is highExplanation
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when the body produces high levels of ketones. It is characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis. In DKA, total body potassium is actually depleted due to osmotic diuresis and urinary losses. Therefore, the statement "Total body potassium is high" is incorrect. The other statements are true: hypotension with tachycardia indicates fluid and electrolyte depletion, thromboembolic phenomenon is a recognized complication, DKA is more common in type I diabetes, and it causes Kussmaul breathing.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The following are true in diabetes mellitus type 1, except:
- A.
It starts usually below 30 years old age
- B.
Absoluteinsulindeficiency
- C.
Sulfonyl Urea drugs are contraindicated
- D.
Anti-GAD antibodies are usually positive
- E.
Develops hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma without insulin
Correct Answer
C. Sulfonyl Urea drugs are contraindicatedExplanation
In diabetes mellitus type 1, sulfonylurea drugs are not contraindicated. Sulfonylureas are actually used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, not type 1. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency, typically starts at a young age (usually below 30 years old), and is often associated with the presence of anti-GAD antibodies. Without insulin, individuals with type 1 diabetes can develop hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma.Rate this question:
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- 6.
All of the following may be used in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis, except:
- A.
Neomercazole
- B.
Radio-active iodine
- C.
Surgery
- D.
Propranolol inderal
- E.
Cyclophosphamide
Correct Answer
E. CyclopHospHamideExplanation
Cyclophosphamide is not used in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Thyrotoxicosis is a condition characterized by excessive production of thyroid hormones. The other options listed, Neomercazole, Radio-active iodine, Surgery, and Propranolol inderal, are commonly used in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Neomercazole is an antithyroid medication that inhibits the production of thyroid hormones. Radio-active iodine is used to destroy the overactive thyroid cells. Surgery may be performed to remove a portion or all of the thyroid gland. Propranolol inderal is a beta-blocker that helps alleviate symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. Cyclophosphamide, on the other hand, is not typically used in the treatment of this condition.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Hypothyroidism may give rise to all of the following, except:
- A.
Periorbitalpuffiness
- B.
Carpaltunnelsyndrome
- C.
Cold intolerance
- D.
Hair loss
- E.
Polycythemia
Correct Answer
E. PolycythemiaExplanation
Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. This can lead to various symptoms and health issues. Periorbital puffiness, carpal tunnel syndrome, cold intolerance, and hair loss are all commonly associated with hypothyroidism. However, polycythemia, which refers to an increase in the number of red blood cells, is not typically seen in hypothyroidism. Therefore, polycythemia is the exception among the given options.Rate this question:
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- 8.
35 years old female presented with bone pain and generalized weakness. Labs show decreased PTH, decreased Ca, and normal Vitamin D. The most likely diagnosis is:
- A.
1-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency
- B.
Hypoparathyroidism
- C.
VitaminDdeficiency
- D.
Vitamin C deficiency
- E.
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Correct Answer
B. HypoparathyroidismExplanation
The most likely diagnosis in this case is hypoparathyroidism. Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by decreased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) which leads to low calcium levels in the blood. The symptoms of bone pain and generalized weakness are consistent with hypocalcemia, which is commonly seen in hypoparathyroidism. The decreased PTH and calcium levels, along with normal vitamin D levels, further support this diagnosis. 1-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency is a rare genetic disorder that leads to impaired production of active vitamin D, but in this case, the vitamin D levels are normal. Vitamin D deficiency, vitamin C deficiency, and vitamin B12 deficiency do not typically present with decreased PTH levels.Rate this question:
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- 9.
All of the following are causes of hypercalcemia, except:
- A.
Acute pancreatitis
- B.
B. Sarcoidosis
- C.
Multiple myeloma
- D.
Cancer of lungs
- E.
Hyperparathyroidism
Correct Answer
A. Acute pancreatitisExplanation
Hypercalcemia is a condition characterized by high levels of calcium in the blood. Acute pancreatitis is not a known cause of hypercalcemia. Acute pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, which can lead to various complications, but it does not directly cause an increase in calcium levels. On the other hand, sarcoidosis, multiple myeloma, cancer of the lungs, and hyperparathyroidism are all known causes of hypercalcemia. Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that can affect multiple organs, including the lungs, and can lead to increased calcium levels. Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells and can cause hypercalcemia. Lung cancer can also lead to hypercalcemia through various mechanisms. Hyperparathyroidism is a condition where the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone, leading to increased calcium levels in the blood.Rate this question:
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- 10.
All of the following are causes of hypercalcemia, except:
- A.
Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
- B.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
- C.
Milk alkali syndrome
- D.
Addison's disease
- E.
Thyrotoxicosis
Correct Answer
A. Medullary carcinoma of the thyroidExplanation
Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is not a cause of hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia can be caused by various factors, including squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, milk alkali syndrome, Addison's disease, and thyrotoxicosis. However, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid does not typically lead to hypercalcemia.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Features of Cushing's syndrome include all of the following, except:
- A.
Hypertension
- B.
Psychiatric symptoms
- C.
Diabetes
- D.
Tall stature in children
- E.
Hypokalemia
Correct Answer
D. Tall stature in childrenExplanation
Cushing's syndrome is a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol in the body. It is characterized by a variety of symptoms, including hypertension, psychiatric symptoms, diabetes, and hypokalemia. However, tall stature in children is not a feature of Cushing's syndrome. Instead, children with Cushing's syndrome often experience growth retardation or stunted growth due to the effects of cortisol on bone growth.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Gynecomastia may be caused by all of the following, except:
- A.
Cirrhosis of the liver
- B.
B. Furosemide
- C.
Spironolactone
- D.
Klinefelter syndrome
- E.
Cimetidine
Correct Answer
B. B. FurosemideExplanation
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that is commonly used to treat fluid retention. It works by increasing the amount of urine produced by the kidneys. While gynecomastia can be caused by certain medications, furosemide is not known to be one of them. Cirrhosis of the liver, spironolactone, Klinefelter syndrome, and cimetidine are all known to be potential causes of gynecomastia.Rate this question:
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- 13.
One of the following would be unexpected finding in a patient with pheochromocytoma:
- A.
Paroxysmal hypertension
- B.
Persistent hypertension
- C.
Excessive sweating
- D.
Bilateral tumor in 50% of cases
- E.
Palpitation
Correct Answer
D. Bilateral tumor in 50% of casesExplanation
An unexpected finding in a patient with pheochromocytoma would be the presence of a bilateral tumor in 50% of cases. Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor that usually occurs in the adrenal glands and is typically unilateral. However, in some cases, it can be bilateral, but this is less common. Therefore, the presence of a bilateral tumor would be unexpected and not typical of pheochromocytoma.Rate this question:
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- 14.
All of the following are clinical features of panhypopituitarism, except:
- A.
Hyperpigmentation
- B.
Hypotension
- C.
Cold intolerance
- D.
Loss of secondary sexual characteristics
- E.
Infertility
Correct Answer
A. HyperpigmentationExplanation
Panhypopituitarism is a condition characterized by the underproduction or absence of hormones produced by the pituitary gland. It can lead to various clinical features such as hypotension, cold intolerance, loss of secondary sexual characteristics, and infertility. Hyperpigmentation, however, is not typically associated with panhypopituitarism. Hyperpigmentation refers to the darkening of the skin and is commonly seen in conditions like Addison's disease or certain hormonal imbalances, but it is not a typical feature of panhypopituitarism.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The following may cause hyperprolactinemia, except:
- A.
A pituitary tumor
- B.
Phenothiazines
- C.
Intrauterine contraception device
- D.
Oral contraception
- E.
Breasts stimulation
Correct Answer
C. Intrauterine contraception deviceExplanation
The intrauterine contraception device does not cause hyperprolactinemia. Hyperprolactinemia is a condition characterized by high levels of prolactin hormone in the blood. Prolactin is responsible for milk production in breastfeeding women. Pituitary tumors, phenothiazines (a type of medication), oral contraception, and breast stimulation can all cause an increase in prolactin levels, leading to hyperprolactinemia. However, the intrauterine contraception device does not affect prolactin levels and therefore does not cause hyperprolactinemia.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Aug 22, 2024Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
Dec 14, 2020Quiz Created by
Catherine Halcomb
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