Practice Exam PTCB

The abbreviation "tid" stands for "ter in die" in Latin, which translates to "three times a day" in English. Therefore, a patient would take their medication three times a day if it is prescribed as "tid".

The prefix "osteo-" refers to bone. This can be seen in words like osteoporosis (a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones) and osteotomy (a surgical procedure involving the cutting of bone).

The abbreviation "prn" stands for "pro re nata" which means "as needed" in Latin. Therefore, if the directions read "prn," the patient would take the medication as needed, based on their symptoms or specific circumstances.

The abbreviation "hs" on a prescription stands for "at bedtime." This indicates that the medication should be taken before going to sleep. It is important to follow the instructions on the prescription to ensure proper timing and dosage of the medication.

Schedule I medications have no accepted medical use in the United States and have a high potential for abuse. They are considered to be the most dangerous drugs and are tightly regulated. These drugs are often classified as illegal substances and include drugs such as heroin, LSD, and marijuana. Due to their high potential for abuse and lack of medical use, they are not prescribed by healthcare professionals in the United States.

The term "non rep" is an abbreviation for "do not repeat." In a medical context, it is often used to indicate that a certain medication or treatment should not be repeated or administered again. This could be due to various reasons such as potential adverse effects, completion of the prescribed course, or a change in the patient's condition. It serves as a reminder for healthcare professionals to avoid repeating a specific intervention or medication.

The first five digits of an NDC number represent the drug manufacturer. This means that these digits provide information about the company that produced the drug. The NDC number is a unique identifier for each drug product, and it is used for various purposes such as tracking and billing. By looking at the first five digits of the NDC number, one can determine which manufacturer is responsible for the production of the drug.

The prescription "i po tid" is an abbreviation for "1 by mouth three times a day". Since the prescription is for Flexeril 10mg, and the patient is instructed to take it three times a day, the total daily dose would be 10mg x 3 = 30mg.

A laminar airflow hood must be on for at least 30 minutes before being used. This duration allows the hood to reach and maintain a stable and consistent airflow pattern, ensuring the removal of any contaminants or particles from the working area. It also allows the hood to achieve the required sterility and cleanliness levels necessary for carrying out sensitive procedures or experiments. A shorter duration may not provide sufficient time for the hood to establish the desired airflow conditions, while a longer duration may be unnecessary and result in energy wastage.

The signa "i gtt os bid" indicates that the medication should be administered in the eye. Therefore, the auxiliary label that should be included on the container is "For the eye".

The suffix "-ectomy" refers to the surgical removal of a specific body part or tissue. It is commonly used in medical terminology to indicate a surgical procedure involving the removal of a particular organ or structure. For example, an appendectomy refers to the removal of the appendix, while a mastectomy refers to the removal of the breast tissue. Therefore, the correct answer is "Removal."

OSHA, or the Occupational Safety and Health Act, ensures a safe environment for employees. This law sets standards and regulations to protect workers from hazards in the workplace, including physical, chemical, and biological hazards. OSHA requires employers to provide a safe and healthy workplace by implementing safety measures, providing training and education, and maintaining records of workplace injuries and illnesses. By enforcing these regulations, OSHA aims to prevent workplace accidents, injuries, and illnesses, and promote the overall well-being of employees.

A buccal tablet is designed to be placed between the cheeks and gums, where it dissolves and releases medication directly into the bloodstream. This route of administration allows for rapid absorption and avoids first-pass metabolism in the liver. Placing the tablet orally or rectally would not achieve the desired effect, and placing it under the tongue is known as sublingual administration, which is a different route of drug delivery.

A dosage schedule refers to the specific instructions regarding when and how often a medication should be taken. This information is typically included in a hospital medication order to ensure that the patient receives the correct dosage at the appropriate times. In a retail prescription, the dosage schedule is usually not provided as it is assumed that the patient will follow the standard instructions provided by the pharmacist or doctor. The other options listed (drug name, drug strength, and patient name) would typically be found on both a hospital medication order and a retail prescription.

The term "NPO" on a prescription stands for "Nothing by mouth." This means that the patient should not consume any food or drink orally. This instruction is often given before medical procedures or surgeries that require an empty stomach to prevent complications. It ensures that the patient's digestive system is clear and reduces the risk of aspiration or vomiting during the procedure.

If the directions on the prescription are "1 tab tid ac", it means that the patient should take 1 tablet three times a day with meals. Therefore, in a day, the patient would take a total of 3 tablets. Since there are 30 tablets in the prescription, dividing 30 by 3 gives us 10. Therefore, the prescription of 30 tablets would last for 10 days.

The maximum number of refills allowed for a schedule III drug is 5. This means that a prescription for a schedule III drug can be refilled up to 5 times before a new prescription is required. It is important to follow the guidelines and regulations set for schedule III drugs to ensure proper usage and prevent misuse or abuse.

The Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee is responsible for creating and maintaining the drug formulary in a hospital. This committee is composed of healthcare professionals, including pharmacists and physicians, who review and evaluate medications for safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness. They make decisions about which drugs should be included on the formulary, which drugs should be restricted, and which drugs should be removed. The committee also ensures that the formulary is regularly updated to reflect new medications and treatment guidelines.

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When a pharmacy technician receives a contraindication message on the pharmacy terminal screen while processing a prescription, the appropriate action is to inform the pharmacist of the message. The pharmacist is responsible for reviewing and assessing any contraindications or potential issues with the prescription. By informing the pharmacist, they can address the contraindication and make an informed decision on how to proceed with the prescription, such as contacting the physician or suggesting an alternative drug. It is not the pharmacy technician's role to bypass the screen, contact the physician directly, or inform the patient of an error made by the physician.

To dispense 240ml of liquid medication, you would need to use an 8oz container. This is because 1oz is equivalent to 30ml, so 8oz would be able to hold 240ml of the liquid medication.

Aseptic technique refers to the process involved in the preparation of sterile products to prevent contamination of the product. This technique involves creating and maintaining a sterile environment, using sterile equipment and materials, and following strict protocols to minimize the risk of introducing microorganisms into the product. It is crucial in healthcare settings, such as hospitals and pharmacies, where sterile products are prepared for patient use. Extemporaneous compounding, geometric dilution, and levigation are not directly related to preventing contamination in the preparation of sterile products.

To calculate the number of tablets needed for a day's dose, we divide the total medication required (2.4g) by the dosage of each tablet (600mg). This gives us 4 tablets, as 2.4g is equal to 2400mg. Therefore, 4 tablets are needed for a day's dose.

The abbreviation "ac" stands for "ante cibum" in Latin, which means "before a meal." Therefore, if the directions state "ac," you would take the medication before having a meal.

Needles should be placed in a sharps container after use. This is because sharps containers are specifically designed to safely store and dispose of used needles. They are made of puncture-resistant materials to prevent accidental needle sticks and are labeled as biohazardous waste containers. Placing needles in a sharps container ensures proper containment and minimizes the risk of injury or infection to others who may come into contact with the needles.

Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic commonly used to treat urinary tract infections. Taking it with food helps to increase its absorption and effectiveness. This is because food slows down the emptying of the stomach and allows for better absorption of the medication in the intestines. Therefore, it is recommended to take nitrofurantoin with food to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes.

The correct interpretation of the given signa is to inject 10mg of morphine sulfate intramuscularly every 4 hours as needed for pain. The abbreviation "IM" stands for intramuscular, indicating the route of administration. The abbreviation "q" stands for every, and "h" stands for hours. "prn" stands for as needed, indicating that the medication should be administered only when the patient experiences pain.

Benzocaine is a local anesthetic commonly used to numb the skin or mucous membranes. It works by blocking nerve signals in the body, temporarily numbing the area where it is applied. Unlike general anesthetics, local anesthetics do not cause loss of consciousness or affect the entire body. Benzocaine is often found in over-the-counter products such as throat lozenges, dental gels, and topical creams for pain relief. It is a popular choice for minor surgical procedures, dental work, and temporary relief of pain and itching.

Regular insulin can be added to an IV solution because it is a short-acting insulin that can be rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream. It is commonly used in emergency situations or in hospital settings where quick and precise control of blood sugar levels is required. Adding regular insulin to an IV solution allows for a more direct and immediate delivery of the medication into the bloodstream.

The prescription calls for "Guaifenesin c Codeine 5cc po q 4 h prn," which means the patient should take 5cc (5 milliliters) of guaifenesin with codeine by mouth every 4 hours as needed. To determine the total amount needed for a 5-day supply, we need to calculate the number of doses in 5 days. Assuming the patient takes the medication every 4 hours, there are 6 doses in a day (24 hours divided by 4). Therefore, in 5 days, there would be a total of 30 doses (6 doses per day multiplied by 5 days). Since each dose is 5cc, the total amount needed for a 5-day supply would be 150cc (30 doses multiplied by 5cc). Therefore, the correct answer is 150ml.

Generically equivalent drugs are chemically identical in terms of their strength, concentration, dosage form, and route of administration. This means that although they may have different brand names, they contain the same active ingredients and are expected to produce the same therapeutic outcome and toxicity as the brand name drugs. The term "generically equivalent" implies that these drugs are interchangeable and can be substituted for each other without any significant differences in efficacy or safety.

An elixir is a clear, sweetened, flavored hydroalcoholic dosage form that contains both water and alcohol. It can be medicated or not, meaning it may or may not contain medication. Elixirs are commonly used for oral administration and are designed to be palatable and easy to swallow. They are often used to deliver medication in a liquid form, making it easier for patients who have difficulty swallowing pills or tablets.

Methylphenidate is classified as a Schedule II drug. Schedule II drugs are considered to have a high potential for abuse and dependence, but they also have recognized medical uses. These drugs are tightly regulated and require a prescription from a healthcare professional. Methylphenidate is commonly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is a stimulant medication that affects certain chemicals in the brain and nerves that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control.

Atenolol is the generic name for Tenormin. This means that Tenormin is the brand name for the medication Atenolol. Generic names are used to identify the active ingredient in a medication, while brand names are specific names given to a medication by the pharmaceutical company that manufactures it. In this case, Atenolol is the active ingredient in the medication Tenormin.

Room temperature is typically considered to be between 15-30 degrees Celsius. This range is generally comfortable for most people and is commonly used as a reference point for indoor climate control. Temperatures below this range can be too cold for comfort, while temperatures above this range can be too warm. Therefore, 15-30 degrees Celsius is the most appropriate answer for the question.

Clarks Rule is used to calculate the pediatric dosage based on the weight of the child. According to Clarks Rule, the pediatric dosage is calculated by dividing the weight of the child by 150 (adult weight) and then multiplying it by the adult dosage. In this case, the child weighs 40lbs, so the calculation would be (40/150) * 25mg = 6.66mg. Therefore, the correct answer is 6.66mg.

Class A pharmacy balances are required in all pharmacies because they are the most accurate and precise type of balance. These balances are designed to measure small quantities of medications with high precision, ensuring that the correct dosage is dispensed to patients. Class A balances are calibrated regularly and meet strict standards set by regulatory bodies to ensure the accuracy of medication measurements.

The correct answer is 0 because oxycodone & APAP (acetaminophen) is a controlled substance and refills are not allowed for controlled substances. The prescription must be filled and authorized by the prescriber each time it is needed.

Warfarin is a blood-thinning medication that works by inhibiting the action of vitamin K, which is necessary for blood clotting. Therefore, using warfarin in combination with vitamin K therapy would counteract the effects of warfarin and potentially increase the risk of clot formation. Hence, warfarin would be contraindicated with vitamin K therapy.

Hyperthyroidism is a condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, which leads to excessive production of thyroid hormones. One of the common symptoms of hyperthyroidism is the enlargement of the thyroid gland, resulting in the formation of a goiter. Therefore, hyperthyroidism is the disease that may cause the formation of a goiter.

A biennial inventory is taken every 2 years in a pharmacy. This means that the inventory is conducted once every two years to assess the stock and supplies in the pharmacy. This allows the pharmacy to keep track of their inventory, identify any discrepancies or shortages, and plan for restocking and ordering of medications and other products. By conducting a biennial inventory, the pharmacy ensures that they have accurate records of their inventory and can maintain proper stock levels for their customers.

Form 41 must be submitted to the DEA to destroy controlled substances.

Ointment is the most potent topical corticosteroid dosage form. Ointments have a higher concentration of medication compared to creams, gels, and lotions. They have a greasy consistency and are more occlusive, allowing for better penetration of the medication into the skin. Ointments are typically used for conditions that require a stronger treatment, such as severe eczema or psoriasis.

When measuring liquids, one should look at the bottom of the meniscus. The meniscus is the curved surface of a liquid in a container, and it is caused by the adhesive forces between the liquid and the container. Looking at the bottom of the meniscus helps to avoid parallax errors, which can occur when the liquid level is not observed from the correct angle. By looking at the bottom of the meniscus, one can obtain a more accurate measurement of the liquid volume.

A drug monograph refers to literature on the drug. It provides comprehensive information about a specific medication, including its composition, indications, contraindications, side effects, dosage, and administration instructions. It serves as a resource for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions about prescribing and administering the drug. The monograph may also include information on clinical studies, pharmacokinetics, and drug interactions. Overall, it is a detailed document that summarizes all essential information about a particular drug.

There are 1 milliliter in 1 cubic centimeter. This is because both milliliters and cubic centimeters are units of volume and are equivalent in terms of measurement. Therefore, 1 milliliter is equal to 1 cubic centimeter.

The two methods of pharmacy claims submission to third party payers are electronic and hard copy. Electronic submission involves sending claims electronically through a computer system, which is faster and more efficient. Hard copy submission, on the other hand, involves printing out the claim and physically mailing it to the payer. This method may be used when electronic submission is not possible or preferred by the payer.

Based on the prescription, the patient is prescribed HCTZ 50mg for a one month supply, to be taken every other day (qod) for a total of 6 refills. Since the medication is to be taken every other day, the patient will only need half the number of tablets as the number of days in a month. Therefore, the correct answer is 15 tablets.

When a physician writes "Brand Name Only" on the prescription, it means that the patient should receive the specific brand of medication mentioned and not a generic alternative. In the context of the given options, the DAW (Dispense as Written) code 1 is used to indicate this requirement. This code instructs the pharmacist to dispense the brand-name medication exactly as prescribed by the physician.

A syrup is an aqueous solution with sucrose. It is a liquid dosage form in which the active ingredient is dissolved in water and sweetened with sucrose. Syrups are commonly used to deliver medications in a palatable form, especially for children or individuals who have difficulty swallowing tablets or capsules. They are easy to administer and provide a pleasant taste due to the added sugar. Therefore, syrup is the correct answer for this question.