1.
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2.
The use of thematic planning is ideal for English language learners (ELLs) because in this curriculum arrangement students are exposed to
Correct Answer
D. Concepts and vocabulary related to the themes in various content areas.
Explanation
Thematic planning is an ideal curriculum arrangement for English language learners (ELLs) because it allows students to learn concepts and vocabulary related to different themes in various content areas. This approach helps ELLs make connections between different subjects and deepen their understanding of the language. By integrating themes across different content areas, students are exposed to a wide range of vocabulary and concepts in a meaningful and contextualized way. This approach also helps ELLs develop their language skills in a more holistic manner, as they can apply their knowledge and language abilities across different subjects.
3.
The main purpose of using semantic mapping in social studies is to
Correct Answer
B. Identify critical features of a given concept.
Explanation
Semantic mapping is a strategy used in education to help students understand and organize information. In social studies, semantic mapping is used to identify critical features of a given concept. By visually representing the main ideas and key details of a concept, students can better understand and remember the information. This process allows students to make connections between different aspects of the concept and helps them develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter. Therefore, the main purpose of using semantic mapping in social studies is to identify critical features of a given concept.
4.
The Spaniards Francisco Pizarro and Hernán Cortés conquered, respectively, which of the following two civilizations?
Correct Answer
B. Inca and Aztec
Explanation
Francisco Pizarro and Hernán Cortés conquered the Inca and Aztec civilizations. The Inca civilization was located in present-day Peru and was conquered by Pizarro in the early 16th century. The Aztec civilization was located in present-day Mexico and was conquered by Cortés in the early 16th century as well. These conquests played a significant role in the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the decline of these indigenous civilizations.
5.
The tallest mountains in the world are part of the
Correct Answer
B. Himalayas Range.
Explanation
The Himalayas Range is the correct answer because it is home to some of the tallest mountains in the world, including Mount Everest, which is the highest peak on Earth. The Andes Range is the longest mountain range in the world but does not contain the tallest mountains. The Karakoram Range and Kunlun Range are also mountain ranges, but they are not as well-known for their tall peaks as the Himalayas. Therefore, the Himalayas Range is the most likely choice for the tallest mountains in the world.
6.
The Earth, spherical in shape, is artificially divided into 24 time zones to account for its rotation around the axis and its varying exposure to the sun. What is the degree of separation among these time zones?
Correct Answer
D. 15°
Explanation
The Earth is divided into 24 time zones, and since the Earth completes a full rotation in 24 hours, each time zone represents one hour of time difference. Since there are 360 degrees in a full circle, dividing 360 by 24 gives us 15 degrees of separation between each time zone. Therefore, the degree of separation among these time zones is 15°.
7.
The earliest European colonization efforts in North America began with the founding of
Correct Answer
C. Saint Augustine and Roanoke.
Explanation
The correct answer is Saint Augustine and Roanoke. These two locations were among the earliest European colonization efforts in North America. Saint Augustine, founded by the Spanish in 1565, is considered the oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement in the United States. Roanoke, on the other hand, was an English settlement established in 1585, although it ultimately failed and became known as the "Lost Colony." These two colonies represent early attempts by European powers to establish a presence in North America.
8.
The United States has 50 states and at least four territories. Based on these figures, what is the maximum number of senators who can serve in the U.S. Senate?
Correct Answer
B. 100
Explanation
The U.S. Senate is composed of two senators from each state, regardless of the state's population. Since there are 50 states in the United States, the maximum number of senators that can serve in the U.S. Senate is 100.
9.
A census of the population in the U.S. is con- ducted every 10 years. Based on census results, identify the agency or entity that can be affected by population changes.
Correct Answer
A. House of Representatives
Explanation
The House of Representatives can be affected by population changes because the number of seats in the House is determined by the population of each state. If the population of a state increases, it may gain additional seats in the House, while a decrease in population may result in the loss of seats. Therefore, the census results directly impact the representation in the House of Representatives.
10.
Identify the syntactic structure that represents the following sentence—Mary gave me a dollar.
Correct Answer
C. Noun, transitive verb, indirect object, direct
object
Explanation
The sentence "Mary gave me a dollar" can be represented by the syntactic structure noun, transitive verb, indirect object, direct object. In this structure, "Mary" is the noun (subject), "gave" is the transitive verb, "me" is the indirect object, and "a dollar" is the direct object.
11.
Scenario: Joe is a third grader having difficulties with American idioms. He often gets confused with expressions like “keep an eye on the baby” and “keep your nose clean.” Joe is having problems dealing with
Correct Answer
C. Connotative language.
Explanation
Joe's confusion with expressions like "keep an eye on the baby" and "keep your nose clean" suggests that he is having difficulties understanding the implied or suggested meanings behind these idioms. This indicates that Joe is struggling with connotative language, which involves the use of words or phrases that carry additional meanings beyond their literal definitions. Therefore, the correct answer is connotative language.
12.
Scenario: Mr. Figueroa introduced a cooperative learning activity for fourth graders where in the students were to identify the syntactic classification for selected words. Accent marks were used to indicate the appropriate pronunciation of a word, and also to give a clue to its meaning. The students were also to write a sentence with each of the words assigned. In addition to promoting vocabulary development, what is the main phonological component presented through this activity?
Correct Answer
C. The semantic value of word stress
Explanation
The main phonological component presented through this activity is the semantic value of word stress. By using accent marks to indicate the appropriate pronunciation of a word, the students are learning that the stress placed on different syllables can change the meaning of a word. This understanding of word stress is important for developing accurate pronunciation and comprehension skills in English.
13.
The key feature of a balanced reading program is that it uses
Correct Answer
D. The best practices from the skill-based and the meaning-based approaches.
Explanation
A balanced reading program incorporates the best practices from both skill-based and meaning-based approaches. This means that it combines teaching strategies that focus on building specific reading skills, such as phonics instruction, with strategies that emphasize comprehension and understanding of the meaning behind the text. By incorporating both approaches, students are able to develop a strong foundation in reading skills while also developing their ability to comprehend and analyze texts. This balanced approach ensures that students are equipped with the necessary skills and strategies to become proficient readers.
14.
Identify the rationale for the popularity of onset and rimes to teach spelling skills in English.
Correct Answer
A. It is used to compensate for the grapHeme– pHoneme inconsistency of English.
Explanation
Onset and rime is a popular method for teaching spelling skills in English because it helps to compensate for the grapheme-phoneme inconsistency of the language. English has many words where the spelling does not match the pronunciation, making it difficult for learners to understand the relationship between letters and sounds. By breaking words into onset (the initial consonant or consonant blend) and rime (the vowel and any following consonants), students can focus on the phonetic patterns and learn to recognize and spell words more accurately. This method helps to bridge the gap between spelling and pronunciation, making it easier for learners to develop their spelling skills in English.
15.
What is the main reason for introducing the letter– sound correspondence of the m, b, t, p, and s prior to the letters like the x or q?
Correct Answer
B. The first set of grapHemes occurs more frequently in reading.
Explanation
The main reason for introducing the letter-sound correspondence of the m, b, t, p, and s prior to the letters like the x or q is because the first set of graphemes occurs more frequently in reading. This means that children will encounter and use these sounds more often when reading, so it is important for them to learn and understand them early on. By introducing these common sounds first, children can start building their reading skills and confidence before moving on to less frequently used graphemes like x and q.
16.
During the pre-reading stage of the shared book experience, teachers can increase interest in the story by
Correct Answer
A. Encouraging students to make predictions based on the title and the pictures.
Explanation
During the pre-reading stage of the shared book experience, encouraging students to make predictions based on the title and the pictures can increase interest in the story. This allows students to engage with the text before reading it, activating their prior knowledge and curiosity. By making predictions, students become actively involved in the story and are more likely to be motivated to read and find out if their predictions were correct. This strategy also helps students develop critical thinking skills and encourages them to make connections between the title, pictures, and their own experiences or knowledge.
17.
During the first reading of the shared book experience, the teacher reads the whole story in an enthusiastic and dramatic manner. The main purpose of this activity is
Correct Answer
A. To make the content understood to children so they can enjoy it and corroborate their earlier predictions about it.
Explanation
The main purpose of reading the whole story in an enthusiastic and dramatic manner during the first reading of the shared book experience is to make the content understood to children so they can enjoy it and corroborate their earlier predictions about it. By reading in this way, the teacher helps to engage the children and bring the story to life, making it more enjoyable and easier to comprehend. Additionally, this approach allows the children to see if their predictions about the story were correct, enhancing their overall reading experience.
18.
What is the main purpose of exposing third-grade Spanish-speaking children learning English as a second language to common prefixes that are used in both Spanish and English?
Correct Answer
C. To present the idea that elements from the first language can transfer to English
Explanation
The main purpose of exposing third-grade Spanish-speaking children learning English as a second language to common prefixes used in both Spanish and English is to present the idea that elements from their first language can transfer to English. This exposure helps the children understand that they already have some knowledge that can be applied to learning English, making the language learning process less daunting and more accessible.
19.
The word “predestined” is composed of
Correct Answer
D. One derivational morpHeme, the root and one inflectional morpHeme.
Explanation
The word "predestined" can be broken down into three morphemes: "pre-" as the derivational morpheme, "destin" as the root, and "-ed" as the inflectional morpheme. The derivational morpheme "pre-" changes the meaning of the root "destin" by indicating that something is predetermined or decided in advance. The inflectional morpheme "-ed" indicates that the word is in the past tense. Therefore, the correct answer is one derivational morpheme, the root, and one inflectional morpheme.
20.
Silent sustained reading (SSR) is designed to promote
Correct Answer
B. Reading comprehension.
Explanation
Silent sustained reading (SSR) is a method where students read independently for a set amount of time. This practice is specifically intended to enhance reading comprehension skills. By allowing students to read silently and at their own pace, SSR encourages them to focus on understanding the meaning and context of the text rather than just decoding individual words. This promotes a deeper understanding of the material and improves overall reading comprehension abilities.
21.
The main purpose of an intergenerational literacy initiative is to
Correct Answer
C. Promote literacy among children using the support of parents and other family members.
Explanation
An intergenerational literacy initiative aims to promote literacy among children by involving their parents and other family members. This approach recognizes the importance of family support in enhancing children's literacy development. By engaging parents and other family members, this initiative creates a collaborative environment where children receive consistent encouragement and guidance in their literacy journey. This approach also fosters a sense of community and shared responsibility for promoting literacy within the family and the broader community.
22.
Kindergarten students can identify the main idea of a story by
Correct Answer
A. Drawing a picture representing the story.
Explanation
Kindergarten students can identify the main idea of a story by drawing a picture representing the story. This is because at this age, children may not have developed strong reading or writing skills yet. Drawing a picture allows them to visually represent the key elements of the story and comprehend its main idea. It also helps them engage their creativity and imagination, making the learning process more enjoyable and memorable. Additionally, drawing a picture can be a form of nonverbal communication, allowing students to express their understanding of the story even if they struggle with verbal or written language.
23.
Reciprocal teaching is a technique used with struggling readers and is designed to
Correct Answer
B. Promote reading comprehension in the content areas.
Explanation
Reciprocal teaching is a technique used with struggling readers to promote reading comprehension in the content areas. This technique involves the teacher and students taking turns leading discussions about the text, summarizing, asking questions, clarifying, and predicting. By actively engaging in these activities, students are able to improve their understanding of the text and develop their comprehension skills. This technique is particularly effective in helping struggling readers comprehend and make meaning of the content they are reading.
24.
When planning for the accommodations to be used when assessing special education students, the first element teachers should consider is
Correct Answer
D. The type of disability the child has.
Explanation
When planning for accommodations for special education students, the first element teachers should consider is the type of disability the child has. This is because different disabilities require different accommodations in order to meet the individual needs of the student. By considering the type of disability, teachers can ensure that the accommodations provided are appropriate and effective in supporting the student's learning and development. This helps to create an inclusive and supportive learning environment for the student.
25.
The key advantage of using interactive writing journals for emerging writers is:
Correct Answer
B. Students learn that writing can be used for communication.
Explanation
Using interactive writing journals for emerging writers allows students to understand that writing is a form of communication. By engaging in the process of writing and sharing their work with others, students learn that their words have the power to convey messages and ideas to an audience. This helps them develop their writing skills and recognize the value of effective communication.
26.
Connectors are used in writing to create cohesive and coherent compositions. Connections like “on the contrary,” “conversely,” and “on the other hand” are commonly used in compositions addressing
Correct Answer
C. Contrast.
Explanation
Connectors such as "on the contrary," "conversely," and "on the other hand" are used to show a contrast between ideas or opinions. They indicate that the following information will present an opposing viewpoint or a different perspective. Therefore, these connectors are commonly used in compositions addressing contrast, allowing the writer to effectively highlight differences and create a cohesive and coherent composition.
27.
English writing samples from Spanish-dominant ELLs may contain which key feature?
Correct Answer
C. The stories might be perceived as disjointed and lacking a logical sequence.
Explanation
This answer suggests that English writing samples from Spanish-dominant ELLs may lack a clear and logical sequence. This could be due to the influence of the Spanish language, which may have different sentence structures and organization compared to English. As a result, the stories may appear disjointed or lacking a smooth flow.
28.
Effective writing requires students to tailor compositions to their audience or to the purpose of an occasion. The writing portion of the STAAR test uses which of the following to achieve this purpose?
Correct Answer
C. Writing prompts
Explanation
Writing prompts are used in the writing portion of the STAAR test to achieve the purpose of tailoring compositions to the audience or occasion. Writing prompts provide specific instructions or guidelines for students to follow when writing their compositions. They often include a specific topic or theme that students are expected to write about, which helps students focus their writing and ensure that it is relevant to the intended audience or purpose of the occasion. By using writing prompts, students are able to demonstrate their ability to adapt their writing style and content to meet the specific requirements of the task at hand.
29.
Miscue analysis was developed by John Goodman to assess
Correct Answer
D. The performance of children in oral reading.
Explanation
Miscue analysis was developed by John Goodman to assess the performance of children in oral reading. This technique involves analyzing the errors (miscues) made by children while reading aloud, such as substitutions, omissions, and insertions. By examining these miscues, educators can gain insights into the child's reading strategies, comprehension, and overall reading performance. This analysis helps identify areas of strength and weakness, guiding instructional interventions to improve oral reading skills.
30.
Informal reading inventories are designed to
Correct Answer
B. Identify the reading level of children.
Explanation
Informal reading inventories are designed to identify the reading level of children. These inventories are used to assess the literacy development of children in kindergarten through the fourth grade. By administering various reading tasks and analyzing the child's performance, the inventory can determine the child's reading level and provide valuable information for instruction and intervention. It helps educators understand the child's strengths and weaknesses in reading and tailor their teaching accordingly.
31.
What is the linguistic benefit of using thematic units in instructing English language learners (ELLs)?
Correct Answer
C. Native language (L1) and in English (L2). (C) ELLs are exposed to similar vocabulary and concepts in multiple formats.
Explanation
Using thematic units in instructing English language learners (ELLs) provides a linguistic benefit because it exposes them to similar vocabulary and concepts in multiple formats. This means that ELLs are able to learn and understand new words and ideas through different activities and materials, which reinforces their understanding and helps them make connections between their native language (L1) and English (L2). By being exposed to vocabulary and concepts in different ways, ELLs can develop a stronger grasp of the English language and improve their overall language skills.
32.
The concept of the zero evolved in India but was also developed, disconnectedly, by the
Correct Answer
B. Mayans.
Explanation
The Mayans developed the concept of zero independently from the Indians. While the concept of zero was first introduced in India, it was also developed separately by the Mayans. The Mayans had their own numeral system, which included the use of zero as a placeholder. This was a significant mathematical advancement as it allowed for more complex calculations and the development of a positional numeral system.
33.
Which of the following is a complementary color pair?
Correct Answer
B. Red and green
Explanation
Complementary colors are colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel. Red and green are complementary colors because they are located directly across from each other on the color wheel. When these colors are placed next to each other, they create a high contrast and enhance each other's intensity.
34.
Flying buttresses, pointed arches, and stained glass windows are characteristic of which historic style of architecture?
Correct Answer
D. Gothic
Explanation
The correct answer is Gothic. Gothic architecture is known for its flying buttresses, pointed arches, and stained glass windows. These features were used to create taller and more grandiose structures, allowing for more light to enter the buildings. This style of architecture was prominent during the medieval period in Europe, particularly in the 12th to 16th centuries. The Gothic style is often associated with cathedrals and other religious buildings.
35.
Some of the musical instruments typically introduced in K–4 are
Correct Answer
A. Tambourine, triangle, and sticks.
Explanation
The correct answer is tambourine, triangle, and sticks. These instruments are commonly introduced to children in the K-4 age range as they are easy to play and handle. The tambourine can be shaken or hit to produce sound, the triangle is struck with a metal beater, and sticks are used to create rhythmic patterns on various surfaces. These instruments are often used in music education to introduce basic rhythm and coordination skills to young children.
36.
Identify the most appropriate first step to take in helping a child experiencing heat exhaustion.
Correct Answer
B. Get the child to a shaded area and give him/ her water to drink.
Explanation
The most appropriate first step to take in helping a child experiencing heat exhaustion is to get the child to a shaded area and give him/her water to drink. This step helps to remove the child from the heat and provides hydration, which is crucial in treating heat exhaustion. It is important to provide immediate relief and prevent further heat-related complications. Seeking medical attention may be necessary, but the immediate priority is to cool the child down and rehydrate them. Pouring ice water on top of the child may be too extreme and could potentially cause shock.
37.
Activities that develop gross motor-visual skills almost always involve the use of a
Correct Answer
A. Ball.
Explanation
Activities that develop gross motor-visual skills often require the use of objects that engage both the large muscles of the body and the visual system. Out of the options given, a ball is the most suitable choice as it can be used in various activities that promote coordination, balance, and visual tracking. It requires the use of the hands, arms, and legs to throw, catch, kick, or roll the ball, which helps in developing gross motor skills. Additionally, tracking the movement of the ball with the eyes enhances visual tracking abilities.
38.
The most appropriate and safest way to provide exercise for kindergarten and first grade students is through
Correct Answer
D. Games that require pHysical activity.
Explanation
The most appropriate and safest way to provide exercise for kindergarten and first grade students is through games that require physical activity. This option is the most suitable because it promotes movement and active play, which is important for young children's physical development. Jogging and walking may not be as engaging or enjoyable for young children, while contact sports may pose a higher risk of injury. Games that require endurance may be too challenging for this age group. Therefore, games that require physical activity are the best choice for providing exercise to kindergarten and first grade students.
39.
For an aerobic workout to be effective, exercise should be performed at an individual’s target heart rate for a minimum of
Correct Answer
B. 20 minutes.
Explanation
An aerobic workout is effective when it is performed at an individual's target heart rate for a minimum of 20 minutes. This duration allows the body to reach and maintain an elevated heart rate, which promotes cardiovascular fitness and endurance. Performing aerobic exercise for less than 20 minutes may not provide sufficient time for the body to fully benefit from the workout and achieve the desired fitness goals.
40.
Identify the test designed to measure flexibility in children.
Correct Answer
B. Sit-and-reach test
Explanation
The sit-and-reach test is designed to measure flexibility in children. This test involves sitting on the floor with legs extended and reaching forward as far as possible towards the toes. It primarily measures the flexibility of the lower back and hamstrings. The further the child can reach, the greater their flexibility. This test is commonly used in physical education programs and fitness assessments to evaluate flexibility levels in children.
41.
Scenario: Ms. Pachuta uses a fish tank filled with water to teach students how to make predictions about the ability of objects to float or sink. Students have fun with this activity, but they don’t really know the scientific principle demonstrated in it, which can be best described as
Correct Answer
B. The concept of density and its relation to mass and volume.
Explanation
The correct answer is the concept of density and its relation to mass and volume. In this activity, Ms. Pachuta is teaching students about the ability of objects to float or sink in water. This is determined by the object's density, which is the mass of an object divided by its volume. By observing whether objects float or sink in the fish tank, students can make predictions based on the concept of density and its relation to mass and volume.
42.
What is the role of evaporation and condensation in the water cycle?
Correct Answer
A. They recycle and redistribute the water in an ecosystem.
Explanation
Evaporation and condensation play a crucial role in the water cycle by recycling and redistributing water in an ecosystem. Evaporation occurs when water changes from a liquid to a vapor, primarily from bodies of water, plants, and soil. This vapor then rises into the atmosphere. Condensation takes place when the water vapor cools and forms clouds. Eventually, these clouds release precipitation in the form of rain, snow, or hail, which replenishes water sources on Earth. Therefore, evaporation and condensation ensure that water is constantly recycled and distributed throughout different parts of the ecosystem, sustaining vegetation and animals.
43.
The capability of predatory animals to develop new physical traits to improve their ability to capture prey represents an example of
Correct Answer
B. Adaptation.
Explanation
The capability of predatory animals to develop new physical traits to improve their ability to capture prey represents an example of adaptation. Adaptation refers to the process by which an organism adjusts to its environment in order to survive and reproduce successfully. Predatory animals may develop traits such as sharp teeth, strong jaws, or camouflage to enhance their hunting skills and increase their chances of capturing prey. This ability to adapt and evolve is crucial for their survival in changing environments and is a key characteristic of natural selection.
44.
Ms. Salinas used the following statement to teach the position of the planets (even the newly desig- nated “dwarf planet,” Pluto) with regard to the sun: Identify the statment below that best characterizes the use of mnemonic devices to teach content.
Correct Answer
C. For some students this activity might lack purpose, while for others it might be an effective way to remember facts.
Explanation
This answer best characterizes the use of mnemonic devices to teach content because it acknowledges that the effectiveness of mnemonic devices can vary among students. While some students may find this activity to be an effective way to remember facts, others may not see the purpose in using mnemonic devices. This recognizes that different students have different learning styles and preferences, and that the use of mnemonic devices may not work for everyone.
45.
Use the information above to answer the following question: How many planets have a year shorter than that of the Earth?
Correct Answer
C. 2
Explanation
Based on the information given, the question is asking for the number of planets that have a year shorter than Earth's year. The answer is 2, indicating that there are two planets with a shorter orbital period around the sun compared to Earth.
46.
Scenario: Ms. Cena asked her students to bring their raincoats outside to observe the clouds. Once outside, her students observed cumulus clouds. Based on their observation, what kind of weather were they experiencing that day?
Correct Answer
A. A sunny day
Explanation
The students observed cumulus clouds, which are large, white, and fluffy. Cumulus clouds are typically associated with fair weather and are often seen on sunny days. Therefore, based on their observation of cumulus clouds, the students were experiencing a sunny day.
47.
One of the most important strategies to help students gather information from textbooks is to
Correct Answer
B. Teach the format used in textbooks and discuss how each part can increase comprehension.
Explanation
Teaching the format used in textbooks and discussing how each part can increase comprehension is an important strategy to help students gather information from textbooks. By understanding the structure and organization of a textbook, students can navigate through the content more effectively and comprehend the information better. This strategy helps students become familiar with headings, subheadings, tables, graphs, and other elements commonly found in textbooks, enabling them to extract key information and make connections between different parts of the text.
48.
Identify the statement that best describes the relationship between the eight social studies strands and the TEKS in the implementation of the Texas curriculum.
Correct Answer
B. The social studies TEKS have been used as a foundation for the development of the state curriculum.
Explanation
The correct answer is "The social studies TEKS have been used as a foundation for the development of the state curriculum." This statement suggests that the TEKS (Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills) in social studies have played a significant role in shaping the state curriculum. It implies that the TEKS have provided the necessary guidelines and standards for the development of social studies education in Texas.
49.
The state curriculum officially introduces children to Texas history in
Correct Answer
D. Fourth grade.
Explanation
The state curriculum in Texas officially introduces children to Texas history in fourth grade. This means that students in Texas learn about the history of their state when they are in fourth grade.
50.
Children in prekindergarten and kindergarten might have problems understanding how the Earth is represented in globes and flat representations because children at this age
Correct Answer
A. Might not be developmentally ready to understand symbolic representations.
Explanation
Children in prekindergarten and kindergarten might have problems understanding how the Earth is represented in globes and flat representations because at this age they might not be developmentally ready to understand symbolic representations.