1.
Which of the following is NOT a part of planning?
Correct Answer
D. Conducting meetings
Explanation
Conducting meetings is not a part of planning because meetings are a means of communication and coordination, rather than a specific step in the planning process. Planning involves setting goals and objectives, identifying strategies to achieve those objectives, and creating departmental goals. Meetings may be used to discuss and review plans, but they are not inherently a part of the planning process itself.
2.
PERT is an acronym for what?
Correct Answer
C. Program evaluation and review technique
Explanation
PERT is an acronym for Program Evaluation and Review Technique. PERT is a project management tool used to analyze and represent the tasks involved in completing a project, estimate the time required for each task, and determine the critical path of the project. It helps in scheduling, coordinating, and controlling complex projects by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable tasks. PERT is widely used in industries such as construction, engineering, and software development to ensure efficient project planning and execution.
3.
Which of the following is NOT part of a PERT chart?
Correct Answer
C. Time expected
Explanation
The PERT chart is a project management tool that is used to schedule, organize, and coordinate tasks within a project. It includes various elements such as tasks, dependencies, and time estimates. The optimistic time, pessimistic time, and most probable time are all part of a PERT chart as they are used to estimate the duration of each task. However, "time expected" is not a term commonly associated with PERT charts. Therefore, it is not part of a PERT chart.
4.
What theory states " organizational change is inevitable and that organizations and peopl within the organizations have no other choice except following natural law?
Correct Answer
A. The Mechanistic Theory
Explanation
The Mechanistic Theory states that organizational change is inevitable and that organizations and people within the organizations have no other choice except to follow natural laws. This theory suggests that organizations are like machines and should be structured and operated in a predictable and efficient manner. It emphasizes the importance of clear roles and responsibilities, standardized processes, and hierarchical decision-making. According to this theory, change is seen as a natural and necessary part of the organizational system, and organizations must adapt to external and internal forces in order to survive and thrive.
5.
Which of the folowing theories argues that the effect of studying something/someone changes the effects of the study?
Correct Answer
D. Hawthorne Effect Theory
Explanation
The Hawthorne Effect Theory argues that the act of studying something or someone can change the effects of the study. This theory suggests that individuals may alter their behavior or performance when they are aware that they are being observed or studied. The theory is based on a series of experiments conducted at the Western Electric Hawthorne Works in Chicago during the 1920s and 1930s, where researchers found that workers' productivity increased simply because they were aware that they were being studied. This theory highlights the importance of considering the influence of observation and awareness on research outcomes.
6.
Which of the following theories determines interdependence of variables?
Correct Answer
C. The Systems Theory
Explanation
The Systems Theory explains the interdependence of variables. It suggests that variables within a system are interconnected and influence each other's behavior and outcomes. This theory views organizations, societies, and other complex systems as a collection of interrelated parts that work together to achieve common goals. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationships and interactions between variables in order to effectively analyze and manage a system.
7.
Which is the second stage of Maslow's Hieracrchy of Needs?
Correct Answer
D. Safety
Explanation
The second stage of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is safety. After fulfilling their physiological needs, individuals seek safety and security. This includes having a stable and secure environment, protection from harm, and feeling safe in their surroundings. Safety needs can be met through factors such as employment security, financial stability, personal health, and a safe living environment. Once these needs are satisfied, individuals can move on to the next stage of the hierarchy.
8.
When something is measurable in number it is
Correct Answer
D. Quantitaitve
Explanation
Quantitative refers to the ability to measure something in numbers. This means that the variable or phenomenon being studied can be quantified or expressed numerically. In contrast, qualitative refers to the quality or characteristics of something, which cannot be easily measured in numbers. Naturalistic observation, cross-sectional studies, and extinction are unrelated to the ability to measure something in numbers.
9.
Who is considered to be the father of modern management?
Correct Answer
E. Peter Drucker
Explanation
Peter Drucker is considered to be the father of modern management because of his significant contributions to the field. He emphasized the importance of management as a profession and introduced concepts such as decentralization, management by objectives, and the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship. Drucker's ideas continue to be influential in modern management practices, making him a key figure in shaping the field.
10.
Who completed a study on the fastest and most efficirent way to do a job?
Correct Answer
A. Frank Gilbreth
Explanation
Frank Gilbreth completed a study on the fastest and most efficient way to do a job.
11.
_______________ is a way to show the time needed to complete a long or complicated project.
Correct Answer
D. Gantt Chart
Explanation
A Gantt Chart is a visual representation that shows the time needed to complete a long or complicated project. It displays the project timeline, tasks, and their durations, allowing project managers to easily track progress, identify dependencies, and allocate resources efficiently. This tool is commonly used in project management to plan, schedule, and monitor project activities, making it an effective way to manage complex projects.
12.
Which person created the five management functions?
Correct Answer
C. Henry Fayol
Explanation
Henry Fayol is the correct answer because he is the person who created the five management functions. Fayol, a French mining engineer, developed the concept of the five functions of management, which include planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. These functions are still widely recognized and used in modern management practices.
13.
LPC stands for
Correct Answer
A. Least personnel count
Explanation
LPC stands for "least personnel count." This term refers to the minimum number of employees required to effectively carry out a task or operate a business. It emphasizes the importance of efficiency and minimizing unnecessary personnel.
14.
Which of the following are the levels of management?
Correct Answer
A. Technical, interpersonal and conceptual
Explanation
The correct answer is technical, interpersonal and conceptual. These are the three levels of management. Technical skills involve the knowledge and expertise required to perform specific tasks. Interpersonal skills involve the ability to communicate and work effectively with others. Conceptual skills involve the ability to think strategically and understand the organization as a whole. These three levels of management are essential for effective leadership and decision-making within an organization.
15.
Your company participates in an Affirmative Action program. As a manager you interview two equally individuaals for a new position. One canidate is white and one canitdate is a pacific islander. What do you do?
Correct Answer
D. Hire torwards the quota determined by your HR department
Explanation
In this scenario, the correct answer suggests that the manager should hire towards the quota determined by the HR department. This indicates that the company has a specific diversity goal to meet through its Affirmative Action program. By hiring towards the quota, the manager ensures that the company maintains its commitment to promoting diversity and equal opportunities in the workplace. This decision is aligned with the company's affirmative action policies and helps to create a more inclusive and representative workforce.
16.
Which of the following is considered a pioneer in management theory?
Correct Answer
B. Mary Parker Follet
Explanation
Mary Parker Follet is considered a pioneer in management theory because she was one of the first thinkers to emphasize the importance of human relations and the integration of different departments within an organization. She believed in the concept of "power with" rather than "power over" and advocated for collaborative decision-making and conflict resolution. Follet's ideas laid the foundation for modern management practices such as teamwork, empowerment, and participative leadership.
17.
Which of the following terms illustrates the order of authority in an organization?
Correct Answer
C. Chain of command
Explanation
The term "chain of command" refers to the hierarchical structure within an organization that outlines the flow of authority and communication. It establishes a clear line of authority from top-level management to lower-level employees, ensuring that everyone knows who they report to and who has decision-making power. This term is commonly used to illustrate the order of authority in an organization.
18.
In Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene theory, the Hygiene refers to what?
Correct Answer
E. Dissatisfiers
Explanation
In Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene theory, the term "Hygiene" refers to factors that are necessary to prevent dissatisfaction in the workplace, but do not necessarily lead to motivation or satisfaction. These factors, also known as dissatisfiers, include things like salary, job security, work conditions, and company policies. While the presence of these factors may not motivate employees, their absence or dissatisfaction with them can lead to unhappiness and dissatisfaction. Therefore, Herzberg argues that in order to motivate employees, organizations need to focus on factors known as satisfiers or motivators, such as recognition, achievement, responsibility, and personal growth.
19.
When you find the answer to your problem but settle for something else is an example of the
Correct Answer
B. Bounded rationality model
Explanation
The bounded rationality model suggests that individuals, when faced with complex decisions, often settle for a solution that is "good enough" rather than finding the optimal solution. This can occur when a person finds an answer to their problem but chooses to settle for something else that may not be the best option. The model recognizes that individuals have limited cognitive abilities and time constraints, which prevent them from fully analyzing all available information and alternatives. Instead, they rely on simplifying strategies and heuristics to make decisions.
20.
When you choose the solution that has the greatest for you
Correct Answer
C. Econoligical model
Explanation
The ecological model suggests that when making decisions, individuals consider the economic impact or benefit that a solution will have for them. This means that they prioritize solutions that will bring them the greatest economic advantage or benefit. In this context, "greatest" refers to the solution that will result in the highest financial gain or advantage for the individual. This model assumes that individuals make rational decisions based on their economic self-interest.
21.
Which of the following people was associated with the Hawthorne Effect study?
Correct Answer
C. Elton Mayo
Explanation
Elton Mayo was associated with the Hawthorne Effect study. The Hawthorne Effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals modify their behavior in response to being observed or studied. Mayo conducted a series of experiments at the Western Electric Hawthorne Works in Chicago in the 1920s and 1930s, which became known as the Hawthorne studies. These studies aimed to understand the relationship between working conditions and worker productivity. Mayo's findings highlighted the importance of social and psychological factors in the workplace, leading to significant advancements in the field of human relations and organizational behavior.
22.
If you are an authoritarian, you ascribe to
Correct Answer
A. Theory x
Explanation
Theory X is a management theory that assumes employees are inherently lazy and need to be closely supervised and controlled in order to be productive. This theory suggests that employees lack motivation and will only work if they are coerced or rewarded. Therefore, if someone is an authoritarian, they are likely to believe in Theory X and adopt a controlling and directive management style.
23.
Which of the follwoing is considered the father of strtegic planning?
Correct Answer
B. Chester Barnard
Explanation
Chester Barnard is considered the father of strategic planning because he was a management theorist who emphasized the importance of planning and coordination in organizations. He believed that effective planning was essential for achieving organizational goals and that managers should engage in strategic thinking to anticipate future challenges and opportunities. Barnard's ideas laid the foundation for modern strategic planning practices and have had a significant impact on the field of management.
24.
Which of the following developed the Acceptance theory?
Correct Answer
B. Chester Barnard
Explanation
Chester Barnard developed the Acceptance theory. The Acceptance theory, also known as the theory of cooperation, suggests that individuals will only accept and comply with directives if they understand them, believe them to be compatible with their personal values and goals, and perceive them as achievable. Barnard believed that effective management relies on the willingness of employees to accept and cooperate with organizational goals and directives. He emphasized the importance of communication and mutual understanding between managers and employees in achieving organizational success.
25.
A manager who beleives that all people are valuable and want to contribute to their best ability you ascribe to
Correct Answer
B. Theory y
Explanation
Theory Y is the correct answer. Theory Y is a management theory that assumes that employees are self-motivated, enjoy their work, and are eager to contribute to the organization's goals. It believes that employees are capable of taking responsibility and making decisions, and that they seek personal growth and development. This theory promotes a positive and participative management style, where managers trust and empower their employees, leading to higher job satisfaction and productivity.
26.
Which of the following is NOT a contributor to an employees attitude?
Correct Answer
B. Education
Explanation
Education is not a contributor to an employee's attitude. While previous jobs, peers, and family can all have an impact on an employee's attitude, education does not directly influence attitude. Attitude is typically shaped by personal experiences, values, and beliefs, which are influenced by various factors such as upbringing, work environment, and social interactions. Education may provide knowledge and skills, but it does not necessarily determine one's attitude.
27.
When someone is producing at standard it is called
Correct Answer
C. Norm
Explanation
When someone is producing at standard, it means that they are performing at the expected level or meeting the established norms or standards. Therefore, the correct answer is "norm".
28.
Who created the contingency theory?
Correct Answer
E. Fred Fiedler
Explanation
Fred Fiedler is the correct answer for the creator of the contingency theory. The contingency theory suggests that there is no one best way to organize and lead a group, and that the effectiveness of a leader depends on the situation. Fiedler's theory emphasizes the importance of matching the leadership style to the situation, taking into account factors such as the leader's relationship with their subordinates, the structure of the task, and the amount of power and control the leader has. Fiedler's work has had a significant impact on the field of leadership and has helped to shape our understanding of effective leadership in different situations.
29.
What standard is the following " Giving monetary values to realized sales"?
Correct Answer
C. Revenue standard
Explanation
The correct answer is revenue standard because it involves assigning monetary values to actual sales. This standard is used to measure and report the revenue generated by a business. It helps in determining the financial performance and profitability of the company.
30.
What standard is the following" monetary value for the cost of operations, such as machine hour cost, cost of material per unit, cost per unit of sales, etc."?
Correct Answer
D. Cost standard
Explanation
The correct answer is "cost standard". This standard refers to the monetary value assigned to various costs involved in operations, such as machine hour cost, cost of material per unit, and cost per unit of sales. It helps in tracking and evaluating the financial impact of these costs on the overall performance of the organization.
31.
What standard is the following "quantified standards at the operating level. Products produced in the numbers, in value, material used in weightage and vale, labor employed in house and in value, services rendered in value, ect."?
Correct Answer
A. pHysical standard
Explanation
The given statement describes a "quantified standard" that measures various aspects such as the number of products produced, the value of products, the weightage and value of materials used, the labor employed in-house and its value, and the value of services rendered. This type of standard is known as a "physical standard" because it focuses on tangible and measurable factors related to production and operations.
32.
Which of the following is NOT one of henry Mintzberg's classification of organizations?
Correct Answer
C. Organic
Explanation
Henry Mintzberg's classification of organizations includes simple, complex, stable, and dynamic. Organic is not one of his classifications.
33.
A good TQM program does NOT include
Correct Answer
D. A method which alternatives to solutions
34.
Which of the following is NOT a protected Title VII class?
Correct Answer
C. Sexual preference
Explanation
Sexual preference is not a protected Title VII class because Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. While sexual orientation discrimination is not explicitly included in Title VII, some courts have interpreted sex discrimination to include discrimination based on sexual orientation. However, it is not universally recognized as a protected class under Title VII.
35.
Which of the following is NOT an example of traditional authority?
Correct Answer
D. Secretary
Explanation
A secretary is not an example of traditional authority because traditional authority is based on customs, traditions, and long-established practices. It typically involves positions of power that are inherited or passed down through generations, such as a supervisor, vice president, bishop, or father. However, a secretary does not hold a position of power based on traditional customs or inheritance, but rather is typically hired or appointed based on qualifications and skills.
36.
Which of the following is responsible for ensuring employee safety?
Correct Answer
A. OSHA
Explanation
OSHA, or the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, is responsible for ensuring employee safety. OSHA sets and enforces safety and health regulations in the workplace to protect workers from hazards and ensure that employers provide a safe working environment. OSHA conducts inspections, investigates complaints, and provides training and education to promote workplace safety. EEO (Equal Employment Opportunity), Dept of Labor, COBRA (Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act), and FBLA (Future Business Leaders of America) do not have the primary responsibility for ensuring employee safety.
37.
Which of the following is NOT a wat to deal with risk?
Correct Answer
D. Deflecting
Explanation
Deflecting is not a way to deal with risk. Assuming, avoiding, shifting, and calculating are all valid strategies for managing risk. Deflecting does not align with any recognized risk management approach and does not involve actively addressing or mitigating risks.
38.
Which of the follwowing is an example of environmental stess?
Correct Answer
A. Construction noise
Explanation
Construction noise is an example of environmental stress because it refers to the loud and disruptive sounds produced during construction activities. These noises can be a source of discomfort, annoyance, and even health issues for individuals living or working in the vicinity. The constant exposure to construction noise can lead to increased stress levels, sleep disturbances, and difficulty in concentrating or communicating effectively. Therefore, construction noise is considered a form of environmental stress that can negatively impact people's well-being and quality of life.
39.
Which of the following is an example of MAslow's first level of needs?
Correct Answer
A. Food
Explanation
Maslow's first level of needs is physiological needs, which include basic necessities such as food, water, and shelter. Therefore, food is an example of Maslow's first level of needs.
40.
Which is the second stage of Maslow's Hieracrhy of Needs?
Correct Answer
C. Safety needs
Explanation
The second stage of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is safety needs. Safety needs refer to the need for physical and psychological safety and security. This includes protection from harm, stability, order, and freedom from fear or danger. Meeting safety needs is essential for individuals to feel secure and stable in their environment, allowing them to focus on higher-level needs.
41.
When you choose the best action for each situation
Correct Answer
A. Situational leadership
Explanation
Situational leadership is the best answer because it refers to the approach of adapting leadership style based on the specific situation or circumstances. In this approach, leaders assess the needs of their followers and adjust their leadership style accordingly. It emphasizes the importance of flexibility and the ability to choose the best action for each situation, rather than relying on a single leadership style. This approach recognizes that different situations may require different leadership approaches to be effective.
42.
When a supervisor ask for opinions in making decisions
Correct Answer
B. Participative leadership
Explanation
Participative leadership is the correct answer because when a supervisor asks for opinions in making decisions, it indicates that they value and involve the input of their team members. Participative leadership encourages collaboration and empowers employees to contribute their ideas and perspectives, ultimately leading to more informed and effective decision-making. This style of leadership promotes engagement, teamwork, and a sense of ownership among employees.
43.
Which of the following is a union function?
Correct Answer
A. Negotiate pay
Explanation
A union function refers to the act of negotiating or discussing the terms of payment or salary with an employer or representative. It involves reaching an agreement or compromise on the pay rate or benefits. Therefore, "negotiate pay" is the correct answer as it aligns with the concept of a union function.
44.
Which of the follwoing is an exampple of Maslow's third level of needs?
Correct Answer
C. Love
Explanation
Maslow's third level of needs is the need for love and belonging. This refers to the desire for close relationships, affection, and a sense of belonging within a community or group. Love satisfies the need for emotional connections and social interactions, which are essential for human well-being and self-esteem.
45.
Which of the following is NOT part of a training program?
Correct Answer
D. Promotion
Explanation
Promotion is not part of a training program because it refers to the advancement of an employee to a higher position or rank within the organization, usually as a result of their performance and experience. Training programs, on the other hand, focus on developing specific skills and knowledge required for a particular job or role. While job sharing, job rotating, and temporary promotion are all methods commonly used in training programs to provide employees with diverse experiences and opportunities for growth, promotion is a separate process that occurs after an employee has demonstrated their capabilities and readiness for a higher-level position.
46.
Which of the following is an industry commonly known to have line employees?
Correct Answer
A. Automotive
Explanation
Line employees are typically front-line workers who are directly involved in the production or delivery of goods or services. In the automotive industry, line employees would include assembly line workers, technicians, mechanics, and other workers involved in the manufacturing, maintenance, and repair of vehicles.
47.
Hands off leadership is also called
Correct Answer
D. Laissez faire leadership
Explanation
Laissez-faire leadership is a hands-off approach where the leader allows the team members to make their own decisions and take responsibility for their work. This style of leadership is characterized by minimal guidance or intervention from the leader, who trusts and empowers the team to work independently. It promotes autonomy and creativity among team members, but it can also lead to a lack of direction and coordination if not managed effectively.
48.
Which of the following tells employees and others what is the main purpose of the company is
Correct Answer
B. Mission statement
Explanation
A mission statement is a concise statement that outlines the main purpose and goals of a company. It communicates the company's core values, objectives, and overall direction to employees and other stakeholders. It helps to guide decision-making and provides a sense of direction and focus for the organization. Therefore, a mission statement tells employees and others what the main purpose of the company is.
49.
A policy can be defined as a ___________ actoin course that serves as a guide for the identified and accepted objectives and goals.
Correct Answer
A. Predefined
Explanation
A policy is a predefined action course that serves as a guide for the identified and accepted objectives and goals. This means that a policy is already established and predetermined before it is implemented. It provides a clear and predetermined set of guidelines and procedures to follow in order to achieve the desired objectives and goals. Therefore, the correct answer is "predefined".
50.
A totalitarian leader
Correct Answer
C. Autocratic leadership
Explanation
Autocratic leadership is the correct answer because a totalitarian leader exercises complete control and authority over their followers, making decisions without considering their input or opinions. This leadership style is characterized by a lack of freedom, individuality, and democracy. The leader dictates what needs to be done and expects strict obedience from their subordinates. This style can be effective in certain situations where quick decision-making and clear direction are necessary, but it can also lead to low morale and lack of creativity among team members.