Psychology: Memory Ch.6 + Learning Ch.7 Quiz
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Quiz covers material in the book chapter 6 and chapter 7. Fill in the BEST answer from your notes for each question below.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What kind of memory consists of the skills or procedures that people have learned?
Explanation
Procedural memory refers to the type of memory that involves the skills or procedures that people have learned. It is responsible for remembering how to perform tasks and actions, such as riding a bike or playing an instrument. This type of memory is typically automatic and does not require conscious effort. It is stored in the brain's motor cortex and basal ganglia, and can be enhanced through practice and repetition. Therefore, the correct answer is "Procedural, procedural."Rate this question:
- 2.
What kind of memory consists of events that people have experienced or witnessed? (do not answer flashbulb)
Explanation
Episodic memory refers to the type of memory that involves the recollection of specific events or experiences that individuals have personally encountered or witnessed. It is the ability to remember specific details such as time, place, emotions, and context associated with these events. This type of memory allows individuals to recall personal experiences from their past and is different from other types of memory, such as semantic memory, which involves the recall of general knowledge and facts. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is "episodic" or "Episodic."Rate this question:
- 3.
Sensory memory consists of the ___________ , initial recording of information that has entered through a person’s senses.
Explanation
Sensory memory refers to the initial recording of information that enters through a person's senses. It is the first stage of memory processing and involves the brief retention of sensory information, such as visual or auditory stimuli. This information is held for a very short period of time, typically less than a second, before either being transferred to short-term memory or forgotten. Therefore, the correct answer is "immediate" or "Immediate" as it accurately describes the temporary nature of sensory memory.Rate this question:
- 4.
What is a special kind of episodic memory?
Explanation
A special kind of episodic memory is referred to as a flashbulb memory. Flashbulb memories are highly vivid and detailed recollections of emotionally significant events. These memories are often formed during unexpected and shocking events, such as natural disasters or personal traumas. Flashbulb memories are characterized by their clarity and the strong emotional impact they have on individuals. They are believed to be stored in long-term memory and can be recalled with great accuracy, although they may be subject to some distortions over time.Rate this question:
- 5.
What is the memory of general knowledge?
- 6.
What contains the information a person wants to remember more than just briefly?
- A.
Long-term memory
- B.
Short-term memory
- C.
Psychic memory
- D.
Amnesiatic memory
Correct Answer
A. Long-term memoryExplanation
Long-term memory is the storage system in our brain that contains information we want to remember for an extended period of time. Unlike short-term memory, which holds information temporarily, long-term memory is responsible for retaining knowledge, experiences, and skills over a longer duration. It allows us to recall past events, facts, and personal experiences, and plays a crucial role in learning, decision-making, and problem-solving.Rate this question:
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- 7.
How many kinds of memory are there?
Correct Answer
3
three
ThreeExplanation
The question is asking for the number of kinds of memory. The answer is given in three different forms: 3, three, and Three. These forms all represent the same numerical value and indicate that there are three kinds of memory.Rate this question:
- 8.
What is a mental process for organizing into meaningful units?
- A.
Storage
- B.
Chunking
- C.
Icons
- D.
Decoding
Correct Answer
B. ChunkingExplanation
Chunking is a mental process for organizing information into meaningful units. It involves breaking down a large amount of information into smaller, more manageable chunks or groups. This helps in improving memory and cognitive processes by making it easier to remember and process information. By grouping related items together, chunking allows individuals to better understand and retain information, as well as retrieve it more efficiently when needed.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Short-term memory can retain only a limited amount of information at one time.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Short-term memory is a temporary storage system that can hold a limited amount of information for a short period. This is supported by research that suggests the average person can hold around 7 items, plus or minus 2, in their short-term memory at a time. Once the information is no longer actively attended to or rehearsed, it is likely to be forgotten. Therefore, it is correct to say that short-term memory can retain only a limited amount of information at one time.Rate this question:
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- 10.
An encouraging stimulus that increases the frequency of a behavior when it is presented is called a positive reinforcer.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
A positive reinforcer is a stimulus that is presented after a behavior and increases the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. It can be something desirable or rewarding, such as praise, a treat, or a pat on the back. This positive reinforcement encourages the individual to continue engaging in the behavior that led to the positive outcome. Therefore, the statement that an encouraging stimulus that increases the frequency of a behavior when it is presented is called a positive reinforcer is true.Rate this question:
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- 11.
An observable reaction is called a stimulus.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
A stimulus is not an observable reaction, but rather an external event or phenomenon that triggers a response in an organism. Observable reactions are the responses or behaviors exhibited by an organism in response to a stimulus. Therefore, the statement that an observable reaction is called a stimulus is false.Rate this question:
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- 12.
This type of memory consists of the immediate, initial recording of information that has entered through a person’s senses.
Correct Answer
sensory
flashbulb
episodicExplanation
The correct answer is sensory memory. Sensory memory refers to the immediate and temporary storage of information that is received through the senses. It is the initial recording of sensory stimuli, such as visual or auditory information, before it is processed further. Flashbulb memory, on the other hand, refers to vivid and highly detailed memories of significant and emotionally charged events. Episodic memory is a type of long-term memory that involves the recollection of specific events and experiences.Rate this question:
- 13.
When the brain translates incoming information into visual, acoustic, or semantic codes it is called
Correct Answer
encoding
EncodingExplanation
When the brain translates incoming information into visual, acoustic, or semantic codes, it is referred to as encoding. This process involves converting sensory inputs into meaningful representations that can be stored and retrieved later. Encoding is a crucial step in the memory formation process, as it allows information to be transformed into a format that can be effectively stored and recalled by the brain.Rate this question:
- 14.
Mental pictures we form of visual stimuli are called
- A.
Stimuli
- B.
Icons
- C.
Photoreceptors
- D.
Flashbulb
Correct Answer
B. IconsExplanation
Icons are mental pictures that we form of visual stimuli. They are representations or images that we create in our minds to remember or recall visual information. Icons help us to process and understand visual information more effectively. They are a form of mental representation that allows us to retain and manipulate visual images in our memory.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Anterograde prevents a person from forming new memories following a trauma
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Anterograde amnesia is a type of memory impairment that occurs after a trauma or injury to the brain. It specifically affects the ability to form new memories, while leaving the ability to recall past memories intact. This means that a person with anterograde amnesia will have difficulty remembering new information or events that occur after the trauma. Therefore, the statement that anterograde amnesia prevents a person from forming new memories following a trauma is true.Rate this question:
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- 16.
A person can retrieve a context dependent memory by going back to the place where the memory was formed.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Context-dependent memory refers to the phenomenon where the retrieval of information is enhanced when the individual is in the same or similar context as when the memory was formed. This means that if a person wants to retrieve a context-dependent memory, going back to the place where the memory was initially formed can aid in the retrieval process. Therefore, the statement "A person can retrieve a context dependent memory by going back to the place where the memory was formed" is true.Rate this question:
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- 17.
People that cannot remember events from their infancy or early childhood are experiencing
- A.
Repression
- B.
Trauma
- C.
Infantile Amnesia
- D.
Decay
Correct Answer
C. Infantile AmnesiaExplanation
Infantile amnesia refers to the inability to recall memories from early childhood, usually before the age of three. This phenomenon is believed to occur due to the underdevelopment of the brain structures responsible for memory during infancy. As the brain continues to develop, older memories may be overwritten or lost, resulting in the inability to remember events from early childhood. Therefore, the correct answer is Infantile Amnesia.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Repeating information over and over again to keep from forgetting it is called ________________ rehearsal.
Correct Answer
maintenanceExplanation
The given answer "maintenance" accurately describes the act of repeating information in order to retain it in memory. Maintenance rehearsal refers to the process of continuously rehearsing or repeating information to prevent forgetting. This type of rehearsal helps to keep the information active in the working memory, increasing the chances of it being stored in long-term memory.Rate this question:
- 19.
Severe memory loss from injury, shock, fatigue, illness, or repression is
Correct Answer
amnesia
AmnesiaExplanation
Severe memory loss can be caused by various factors such as injury, shock, fatigue, illness, or repression. This condition is known as amnesia. Amnesia refers to the inability to recall past experiences, information, or events. It can be temporary or permanent, and it can affect both short-term and long-term memory. In cases of severe memory loss, individuals may struggle to remember important personal details, such as their own name or significant life events. Amnesia can have a significant impact on a person's daily life and may require medical intervention or therapy to manage.Rate this question:
- 20.
Something used to help trigger a memory of something else
Correct Answer
mnemonic
MnemonicExplanation
A mnemonic is something that is used to help trigger a memory of something else. It can be a word, phrase, or image that aids in remembering information. Mnemonics are commonly used in education to help students remember facts or concepts by associating them with something more memorable. The capitalization of "Mnemonic" in the answer suggests that it is a proper noun, possibly referring to a specific mnemonic technique or system.Rate this question:
- 21.
What is a learned avoidance for a certain food?
Correct Answer
taste aversion
Taste aversion
Taste AversionExplanation
A learned avoidance for a certain food refers to taste aversion. This occurs when an individual develops a strong dislike or avoidance towards a specific food due to a negative experience, such as feeling sick after consuming it. The association between the taste of the food and the negative experience leads to a conditioned response of avoidance.Rate this question:
- 22.
Learning by observing and imitating the behavior of others is called _______ learning.
Correct Answer
observationalExplanation
Observational learning refers to the process of learning by observing and imitating the behavior of others. This type of learning occurs through observation, without the need for direct experience or reinforcement. By observing others, individuals can acquire new skills, knowledge, and behaviors. This type of learning is particularly common in social settings, where individuals learn from the actions and behaviors of those around them.Rate this question:
- 23.
A type of conditioned learning in which only some of the responses are reinforced is called ____________ reinforcement.
Correct Answer
partialExplanation
Partial reinforcement is a type of conditioned learning in which only some of the responses are reinforced. This means that the reinforcement is not given every time the desired behavior is performed, but rather intermittently. Partial reinforcement is known to be more resistant to extinction compared to continuous reinforcement, as the individual does not become reliant on receiving reinforcement every time. Instead, they continue to engage in the behavior in the hopes of receiving reinforcement at some point.Rate this question:
- 24.
When a person is exposed to the harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished, this is called _______________.
Correct Answer
floodingExplanation
Flooding is a behavioral therapy technique where a person is exposed to a harmless stimulus until their fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished. It involves confronting the fear head-on and repeatedly exposing oneself to the feared situation or object until the fear response diminishes. By facing the fear directly, the person learns that the stimulus is not actually harmful, leading to the reduction or elimination of the fear response.Rate this question:
- 25.
An unpleasant stimulus that increases the frequency of behavior when it is removed is called a _______________ reinforcer.
Correct Answer
negativeExplanation
An unpleasant stimulus that increases the frequency of behavior when it is removed is called a negative reinforcer. This means that when the unpleasant stimulus is taken away after a behavior, it strengthens the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future.Rate this question:
- 26.
Spontaneous Recovery is the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Spontaneous Recovery refers to the reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of time has passed without any further conditioning. This phenomenon suggests that even though a response may have been extinguished, the underlying association between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is not completely forgotten. Instead, it can resurface under certain circumstances. Therefore, the statement "True" accurately describes the concept of Spontaneous Recovery.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Shaping is the act of responding differently to stimuli that are not similar to each other.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Shaping is not the act of responding differently to stimuli that are not similar to each other. Instead, shaping refers to the process of gradually reinforcing behaviors that are closer and closer to the desired behavior. This is done by reinforcing small steps or approximations towards the desired behavior until the target behavior is achieved. Therefore, the correct answer is False.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Latent learning is the tendency to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Latent learning is not the tendency to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics. Latent learning refers to learning that occurs without any obvious reinforcement or motivation. It is learning that is not immediately expressed in behavior, but can be demonstrated when there is an incentive or motivation to do so. Therefore, the correct answer is False.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Procedural memory is memory that consists of skills and procedure that one has learned.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Procedural memory refers to the type of memory that involves the retention and recall of skills and procedures that one has learned. This type of memory is responsible for remembering how to ride a bicycle, play an instrument, or type on a keyboard. It is different from other types of memory, such as episodic or semantic memory, which involve the recall of specific events or facts. Therefore, the statement that procedural memory consists of skills and procedures that one has learned is true.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Eidetic memory is a memory of a specific experienced event.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Eidetic memory refers to the ability to vividly recall specific details of a past event or experience. It is often described as having a photographic or highly detailed memory. Therefore, the statement that eidetic memory is a memory of a specific experienced event is true.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Counterconditioning is a therapy procedure based on classical conditioning that replaces a negative response to a stimulus with a positive response.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Counterconditioning is a therapy procedure that aims to replace a negative response to a stimulus with a positive response. It is based on classical conditioning, which involves pairing a neutral stimulus with a positive or negative stimulus to elicit a desired response. In counterconditioning, the negative response is gradually replaced with a positive response through repeated exposure to the stimulus paired with positive experiences. This helps individuals overcome their negative associations and develop more positive reactions. Therefore, the given statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Hitting your head really hard can cause amnesia.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Hitting your head really hard can cause amnesia because a severe blow to the head can result in a traumatic brain injury. This type of injury can disrupt the normal functioning of the brain, including memory processes. Amnesia refers to a partial or total loss of memory, and it can occur as a result of a head injury. Therefore, it is true that hitting your head really hard can cause amnesia.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Addiction is a feature in the environment that is detected by an organism or leads to a change in behavior.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement suggests that addiction is a feature in the environment that is detected by an organism or leads to a change in behavior. However, this is not true. Addiction is not a feature in the environment, but rather a complex condition that involves changes in the brain. It is characterized by compulsive drug use despite harmful consequences. Therefore, the correct answer is false.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Extinction is the disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows a conditioned stimulus.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Extinction refers to the process of the disappearance of a conditioned response. This occurs when an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is no longer presented after a conditioned stimulus (CS). In other words, when the association between the CS and UCS is broken, the conditioned response gradually diminishes and eventually disappears. Therefore, the statement "Extinction is the disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows a conditioned stimulus" is true.Rate this question:
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Feb 07, 2025Quiz Edited by
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