Reviewer 1st Pt Biology Sbis

Leaves are the part of a plant where most of the photosynthetic process takes place. This is because leaves contain chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for capturing sunlight. Through photosynthesis, leaves convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose (sugar) and oxygen. This process allows plants to produce their own food and release oxygen into the atmosphere.

The word "bios" is derived from the Greek word "bios" which means "life". Therefore, the correct answer is "life".

The number 2.389 has four significant figures. This is because all non-zero digits are considered significant, and the zero between the decimal point and the 3 is also significant. Therefore, the number has four significant figures.

The statement "Chicken egg is bigger than frog egg" is true. This is because, on average, chicken eggs are larger in size compared to frog eggs. Chicken eggs are typically around 5-7 centimeters in length, while frog eggs are much smaller, usually around 1-2 millimeters. The size difference is due to the different reproductive strategies and developmental processes of chickens and frogs.

Bacteriology is the correct answer because it is the branch of biology that specifically focuses on the study of bacteria. This field involves the examination and understanding of the structure, function, classification, and behavior of bacteria, as well as their interactions with other organisms and their environment. Bacteriologists study various aspects of bacteria, including their growth, reproduction, metabolism, genetics, and the diseases they cause.

A microtome is a specialized instrument used in laboratories to slice or cut specimens into very thin sections, typically ranging from 3 to 5 micrometers in thickness. It is commonly used in histology and pathology to prepare tissue samples for microscopic examination. The microtome allows for precise and controlled slicing of the specimen, ensuring that the resulting sections are thin enough to be mounted on slides and viewed under a microscope. This instrument is essential in various scientific and medical research fields where detailed examination of tissues and cells is required.

Passive transport refers to the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy. This process includes osmosis, which is the movement of water molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, and diffusion, which is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Both osmosis and diffusion are examples of passive transport because they occur spontaneously and do not require the cell to expend energy.

Staining racks are used to hold and organize multiple slides during the staining process in a laboratory. By placing the slides in a staining rack, they are kept upright and separate from each other, allowing for efficient and effective staining. This ensures that each slide receives the appropriate amount of stain and that the staining procedure is carried out consistently and accurately. Therefore, the statement that staining could be done in a staining rack to ensure efficient and effective performance of the procedure is true.

Mycology is not the study of cells, but rather the branch of biology that specifically focuses on the study of fungi. It involves the identification, classification, and understanding of the structure, function, and ecology of fungi. While cells are a fundamental component of all living organisms, mycology specifically emphasizes the study of fungi and their characteristics, rather than cells in general.

Phyllotaxy is the term used to describe the arrangement of leaves on a stem. It refers to the specific pattern in which leaves are positioned along the stem, including their spacing, angle, and orientation. This arrangement can vary among different plant species and can be important for maximizing sunlight exposure, optimizing nutrient uptake, and facilitating efficient water drainage. Epidemiology and zoology are unrelated fields, so they are not the correct terms for leaf arrangement.

Grasses have parallel venation in their leaves. This means that the veins in the leaves run parallel to each other, from the base to the tip of the leaf. This type of venation is characteristic of monocot plants, such as grasses, where the veins are evenly spaced and do not form a complex network. Parallel venation helps in efficient transport of water and nutrients throughout the leaf, and also provides structural support to the leaf.

The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that act as channels, pumps, and transporters. This allows the cell membrane to regulate the passage of molecules such as nutrients, ions, and waste products, maintaining the internal environment of the cell and facilitating communication with the external environment.

The Greek word "logos" means "to study".

Osmosis is an example of passive transport because it is the movement of water molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, without the use of energy. In passive transport, substances move along their concentration gradient, which means they move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. Active transport, on the other hand, requires the use of energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, while movement against the concentration gradient is not a specific example of passive transport. Therefore, the correct answer is osmosis.

Gregor Mendel is considered the father of genetics because he is known for his pioneering work on inheritance in pea plants. Through his experiments, Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity, such as dominant and recessive traits, and formulated the laws of inheritance. His work laid the foundation for the field of genetics and revolutionized our understanding of how traits are passed down from one generation to the next.

Stomata are small openings found on the surface of leaves that are responsible for gas exchange in plants. They allow for the exchange of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide between the leaf and the surrounding environment. The other options, midrib and flower, are not related to gas exchange and do not have the same function as stomata. Therefore, the correct answer is stomata.

This statement is false because a molecule is typically larger than an atom. Molecules are formed when two or more atoms bond together, resulting in a larger structure. Atoms are the smallest unit of a chemical element and cannot be further divided without losing their chemical properties. Therefore, a molecule consists of multiple atoms and is generally larger in size compared to a single atom.

The statement "Ribosome is bigger than a frog egg" is false. Ribosomes are tiny cellular structures involved in protein synthesis, while frog eggs are significantly larger in size. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

The nucleus is considered the control center of the cell because it contains the cell's genetic material, including DNA. It regulates the cell's activities by controlling the production of proteins, which are essential for various cellular functions. Additionally, the nucleus plays a crucial role in cell division and reproduction.

This question is asking about the type of apex. The term "acute" refers to an angle that is less than 90 degrees. Therefore, the correct answer is "acute" because it describes an apex that forms an angle less than 90 degrees.

Herpetology is the study of reptiles and amphibians. Bacteriology is the study of bacteria, while cytology is the study of cells. Therefore, the correct answer is Herpetology.

A centrifuge is an instrument used to separate particles in a solution through a rotary motion. It works by spinning the solution at high speeds, causing the denser particles to move towards the outer edge of the centrifuge tube, while the lighter particles remain closer to the center. This separation is based on the principle of centrifugal force, which allows for the separation of different components in a mixture based on their density.

The cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it allows certain substances to pass through while preventing others from entering or leaving the cell. This is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and regulating the internal environment of the cell. The selective permeability of the cell membrane is achieved through the presence of various membrane proteins and lipids that control the movement of molecules and ions. Therefore, the statement that selective permeability is the primary function of the cell membrane is true.

The correct answer is "none of the above" because the powerhouse of the cell is actually the mitochondria. Mitochondria are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. The nucleus is the control center of the cell, cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the cell, and lysosomes are responsible for breaking down waste materials. None of these structures are directly involved in energy production.

Insectology is not a recognized branch of Biology that deals with the study of insects. While there are various disciplines within Biology that focus on the study of insects, such as entomology, insectology itself is not a commonly used term in scientific literature. Therefore, the statement is false.

Chromosomes carry hereditary information in a cell. They are structures made up of DNA molecules that contain genes, which are responsible for passing on traits from one generation to the next. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of the cell and are involved in processes such as cell division and protein synthesis. The other options listed (endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and vacuoles) do not carry hereditary information.

Pathology is the correct answer because it is the branch of biology that deals with the study of diseases. It involves the examination of organs, tissues, and bodily fluids to diagnose and understand the nature and causes of diseases. Pathologists also study the effects of diseases on the body and develop methods for their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Epidemiology, on the other hand, is the study of patterns, causes, and effects of diseases in populations, while cytology is the study of cells. Therefore, both epidemiology and cytology do not specifically deal with the study of diseases like pathology does.

This type of margin refers to a leaf margin that has deep indentations or divisions, resembling the shape of lobes. It is different from an entire margin, which is smooth and uninterrupted, and a serrated margin, which has small, sharp teeth along the edge.

Diffusion is the correct answer because it refers to the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This process occurs spontaneously and does not require any external energy input. Osmosis, on the other hand, specifically refers to the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. Amphipathic refers to a molecule that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. None of the above is not the correct answer as diffusion fits the description given in the question.

Epidemiology is the correct answer because it is the branch of biology that specifically focuses on studying the spread of diseases. It involves investigating the patterns, causes, and effects of diseases in populations, and plays a crucial role in public health. Epidemiologists collect and analyze data to identify risk factors, track the progression of diseases, and develop strategies for prevention and control. This field is essential for understanding and managing the impact of diseases on society.

not-available-via-ai

Amphipathic means containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. This term is commonly used to describe molecules or substances that have a dual nature, with one part being attracted to water (hydrophilic) and the other part repelling water (hydrophobic). This arrangement allows amphipathic molecules to interact with both water and nonpolar substances, making them essential for various biological processes such as cell membrane formation and protein folding.

The number 2.9000 has 5 significant figures because all the digits in the number are non-zero and are considered significant. The zeros at the end of the number are also significant because they are to the right of the decimal point and are therefore measured values.

The statement is false because stomates are actually found on the lower surface of the leaf. Stomates are small openings that allow for gas exchange, and they are typically more abundant on the lower surface of the leaf to minimize water loss through transpiration. This positioning helps to protect the stomates from direct sunlight and wind, reducing the rate of water loss from the plant.

not-available-via-ai

The cell membrane is a structure that is common to all cells. It is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and separates its internal environment from the external environment. The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, allowing it to maintain homeostasis and interact with its surroundings. Chloroplasts, cell walls, and flagella are not present in all cells and are specific to certain types of cells or organisms.

The correct answer is "wavy." This type of margin refers to the edge of the leaf being unevenly undulated, creating a wavy appearance. It is different from the other options: serrated (having sharp, tooth-like edges), entire (smooth and continuous), and lobed (having distinct rounded or pointed projections).

not-available-via-ai

The number 2.000900 has seven significant figures. Significant figures are the digits in a number that carry meaning and contribute to its precision. In this case, all the digits from 2 to the last 0 are significant because they are not zero and contribute to the overall value and precision of the number.

The chromosomes of eukaryotic cells are located in the nucleus. The nucleus is the central organelle of a eukaryotic cell and houses the genetic material in the form of chromosomes. These chromosomes contain the DNA that carries the instructions for the cell's functions and characteristics. The mitochondria and ribosomes do not contain chromosomes, and therefore, are not the correct locations for the chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell.