1.
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Alfred Thayer Mahan promoted American Overseas expansion by
Correct Answer
B. B. arguing that sea power was key to world domination
Explanation
Alfred Thayer Mahan promoted American Overseas expansion by arguing that sea power was key to world domination. He believed that a strong navy was essential for a nation to become a global power and control trade routes. Mahan's ideas influenced American policymakers and led to the expansion of the U.S. Navy, the acquisition of overseas territories, and the establishment of naval bases around the world. His theories played a significant role in shaping American foreign policy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
2.
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Which of the following was not among the factors propelling American toward overseas expansion in the 1890s?
Correct Answer
C. C. The need to find new African and Asian sources of raw materials
Explanation
The correct answer is c. The need to find new African and Asian sources of raw materials. This answer is correct because the question is asking for a factor that did not contribute to American overseas expansion in the 1890s. While the desire to expand overseas agricultural and manufacturing exports and the influence of yellow press played significant roles in driving American expansion, the need to find new African and Asian sources of raw materials was not a major factor during this time period.
3.
President Grover Cleveland refused to annex Hawaii because
Correct Answer
A. A. White planters illegally overthrew Queen Liliuokalani against the wishes of the natives
Explanation
President Grover Cleveland refused to annex Hawaii because white planters illegally overthrew Queen Liliuokalani against the wishes of the natives. This suggests that Cleveland believed in upholding the principles of democracy and respecting the sovereignty of other nations. He likely saw the overthrow as an unjust act and did not want to support or legitimize it by annexing Hawaii. Additionally, it is possible that Cleveland was aware of the potential backlash from the American public and the Senate if he were to pursue annexation under these circumstances.
4.
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Americans first became concerned with Cuba because
Correct Answer
C. C. Americans sympathized with Cuban rebels in their fight for freedom from Spanish rule
Explanation
Americans first became concerned with Cuba because they sympathized with Cuban rebels in their fight for freedom from Spanish rule. This suggests that the American public felt a sense of solidarity with the Cuban people and their desire for independence. The sympathy for the Cuban rebels likely stemmed from shared values of freedom and self-determination, as well as a desire to support fellow revolutionaries. This sentiment ultimately played a significant role in shaping American foreign policy towards Cuba and the eventual involvement in the Spanish-American War.
5.
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Even before the sinking of the Maine, the American public’s indignation at Spain had been whipped into a frenzy by
Correct Answer
C. C. William RandolpH Hearst’s accounts of Spanish atrocities in Cuba
6.
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Even after the Maine exploded, the U.S was slow to declare war in Cuba because
Correct Answer
B. B. Pres. McKinley was reluctant to get into a war
Explanation
Pres. McKinley was reluctant to get into a war. This is suggested by the phrase "Even after the Maine exploded, the U.S was slow to declare war in Cuba." It implies that despite the incident with the Maine, the U.S. did not immediately take action, indicating a reluctance to engage in war. The other options, such as the public's reluctance or Cuban hostility, are not mentioned in the given statement and cannot be inferred as reasons for the U.S. being slow to declare war.
7.
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As soon as the U.S declared war on Spain, Commodore George Dewey sailed to the Philippines because
Correct Answer
B. B. he had been ordered to do so by Assistant Navy Secretary Theodore Roosevelt
Explanation
Commodore George Dewey sailed to the Philippines because he had been ordered to do so by Assistant Navy Secretary Theodore Roosevelt.
8.
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Emilio Aguinaldo was
Correct Answer
B. B. The leader of Filipino insurgents against Spain
Explanation
Emilio Aguinaldo was the leader of Filipino insurgents against Spain. This means that he led a group of Filipino rebels who fought against Spanish rule in the Philippines.
9.
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The Largest cause of American death in Cuba was
Correct Answer
D. D. Bad food, disease, and unsanitary conditions
Explanation
The correct answer is d. Bad food, disease, and unsanitary conditions. This answer is supported by historical records and accounts of the time. During the Spanish-American War in Cuba, American soldiers faced numerous health issues due to the poor quality of food, lack of proper sanitation, and the prevalence of diseases such as yellow fever and malaria. These factors contributed significantly to the high death toll among American troops in Cuba.
10.
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In addition to Cuba, American forces successfully seized the Caribbean island of
Correct Answer
A. A. Puerto Rico
Explanation
American forces successfully seized the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico in addition to Cuba. Puerto Rico was captured by the United States during the Spanish-American War in 1898. This acquisition marked the beginning of American colonial rule over Puerto Rico, which lasted until 1952 when it became a self-governing commonwealth associated with the United States.
11.
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Pres. McKinley decided to make the Philippines an American territory because
Correct Answer
B. B. Combination of religious piety/ economic interests
Explanation
Pres. McKinley decided to make the Philippines an American territory because of a combination of religious piety and economic interests. This suggests that McKinley believed it was both morally right and economically beneficial for the United States to take control of the Philippines. The religious piety aspect may refer to the belief in spreading Christianity and American values to the Filipino people. The economic interests could include the desire for new markets and resources in the Philippines. This combination likely influenced McKinley's decision to make the Philippines an American territory.
12.
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Pro-imperialist Americans argued the Philippines should be a territory because
Correct Answer
A. A. patriotism/economic opportunities
Explanation
Pro-imperialist Americans argued that the Philippines should be a territory because of patriotism and economic opportunities. They believed that acquiring the Philippines would demonstrate American strength and dominance, which was seen as a patriotic duty. Additionally, the Philippines offered potential economic benefits, such as access to new markets and resources, which could boost American trade and industry.
13.
13. The Platt Amendment provided that
Correct Answer
D. D. the U.S had the right to intervene with troops and maintain military bases in Cuba
Explanation
The Platt Amendment, which was passed in 1901, granted the United States the right to intervene in Cuba's affairs and maintain military bases on the island. This amendment was added to the Cuban constitution as a condition for the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Cuba after the Spanish-American War. It allowed the United States to protect its interests and maintain control over Cuba, ensuring that the country remained politically and economically aligned with the U.S. This interventionist policy was a significant aspect of U.S. foreign policy in the early 20th century.
14.
14. The immediate effect of American Acquisition of the Philippines was
Correct Answer
C. c. A guerilla war between U.S/Filipinos
Explanation
The correct answer is c. A guerilla war between U.S/Filipinos. The immediate effect of American Acquisition of the Philippines was a guerilla war between the United States and the Filipinos. After the United States acquired the Philippines from Spain in the Treaty of Paris (1898), Filipino nationalists led by Emilio Aguinaldo fought against American forces in an attempt to gain independence. This conflict, known as the Philippine-American War (1899-1902), resulted in significant casualties on both sides and ultimately led to the American colonization of the Philippines.
15.
15. In the Open Door notes, Secretary Jon Hay called on Imperial powers to
Correct Answer
C. c. Respect Chinese rights/ permit economic competitions in their spHeres of influence
Explanation
In the Open Door notes, Secretary Jon Hay called on Imperial powers to respect Chinese rights and permit economic competition in their spheres of influence. This means that Hay wanted these powers to acknowledge and uphold the rights of the Chinese people, and to allow fair economic competition in the areas that they controlled. This would prevent these powers from monopolizing trade and resources in China, and would promote a more open and equitable international trade environment.
16.
16. Besides Panama, the alternate site for a canal was
Correct Answer
B. b. Nicaragua
Explanation
The correct answer is b. Nicaragua. This is because Nicaragua was considered as an alternate site for a canal besides Panama.
17.
17. Roosevelt overcame the Colombian refusal to approve a canal treaty by
Correct Answer
B. b. encouraging Panamanian rebels to revolt/declare independence
Explanation
Roosevelt overcame the Colombian refusal to approve a canal treaty by encouraging Panamanian rebels to revolt/declare independence. This allowed the United States to negotiate directly with the newly formed government of Panama and secure a treaty for the construction of the Panama Canal.
18.
18. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine declared
Correct Answer
D. d. The U.S had the right to intervene in Latin American ordeals
Explanation
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine declared that the U.S had the right to intervene in Latin American ordeals. This meant that the U.S believed it had the authority to intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American countries in order to maintain stability and protect its own interests. This policy was an extension of the Monroe Doctrine, which aimed to prevent European colonization in the Americas. The Roosevelt Corollary justified U.S intervention in Latin America as a way to uphold the principles of the Monroe Doctrine and protect American interests in the region.
19.
19. Roosevelt’s policies in Panama/Latin America led to
Correct Answer
B. b. resentment/hostility towards American intervention
Explanation
Roosevelt's policies in Panama/Latin America led to resentment/hostility towards American intervention because his administration pursued an aggressive approach known as the "Big Stick" policy. This policy involved using military force and political influence to assert American dominance in the region. This interventionist approach was seen as infringing on the sovereignty of Latin American countries and interfering in their internal affairs, leading to resentment and hostility towards the United States.
20.
20. Roosevelt’s foreign policy was
Correct Answer
C. c. Speak softly and Carry a big Stick
Explanation
Roosevelt's foreign policy was characterized by the idea of "Speak softly and Carry a big Stick." This means that he believed in diplomacy and negotiation, but also maintained a strong military presence to back up his words. The phrase suggests that Roosevelt preferred to use peaceful means to resolve conflicts, but was also prepared to use force if necessary. This policy was often referred to as "Big Stick Diplomacy" and was used to assert American power and influence on the global stage.
21.
21. Roosevelt mediated the Portsmouth treaty between
Correct Answer
B. b. Russia/Japan
Explanation
Roosevelt mediated the Portsmouth treaty between Russia and Japan. This treaty was signed in 1905 and ended the Russo-Japanese War. Roosevelt played a crucial role in negotiating peace between the two countries, earning him the Nobel Peace Prize. The treaty resulted in Japan gaining control over Korea and parts of Manchuria, while Russia had to give up its expansionist ambitions in the region. This mediation by Roosevelt helped to stabilize the situation in East Asia and maintain peace between the two major powers involved.
22.
22. The Great Whit Fleet served as
Correct Answer
B. b. A demonstration of American Naval Power
Explanation
The Great White Fleet was a demonstration of American Naval Power. In 1907, President Theodore Roosevelt ordered a fleet of 16 battleships to embark on a world tour to showcase the strength and capabilities of the United States Navy. This display of naval power aimed to assert America's presence and influence on the global stage, particularly in the Pacific region. The fleet's journey was highly publicized and received international attention, solidifying the United States as a major naval power and intimidating potential adversaries.
23.
23. Proponents in favor of Overseas expansion by the U.S argued
Correct Answer
D. d. all of the above
Explanation
The correct answer is d. all of the above. This means that proponents in favor of Overseas expansion by the U.S argued for all the reasons mentioned in options a, b, and c. They believed that increasing American production required the acquisition of other markets, that a worldwide scramble for empire might eliminate American Opposition, and that it was their duty to extend civilization and Christianity to others.
24.
24. Evangelical Protestants
Correct Answer
C. c. favored expansionism to reach the foreign heathens
Explanation
Evangelical Protestants favored expansionism to reach the foreign heathens. This means that they believed in spreading their religious beliefs and converting people who were not part of their faith, especially those who were considered "heathens" or non-believers. They saw it as their duty to bring Christianity to other parts of the world and believed in the importance of missionary work. This expansionist mindset was a significant aspect of their religious beliefs and practices.
25.
25. Hawaii was annexed when
Correct Answer
D. d. a joint resolution was passed by Congress during the Spanish-American War
Explanation
During the Spanish-American War, a joint resolution was passed by Congress to annex Hawaii. This means that the decision to annex Hawaii was made through a resolution agreed upon by both the House of Representatives and the Senate. This suggests that the annexation of Hawaii was a deliberate action taken by the United States government during this time period.
26.
26. Anti-imperialists opposed annexation of the Philippines because they feared
Correct Answer
B. B. defense of the territory might lead to war
Explanation
The anti-imperialists opposed annexation of the Philippines because they feared that defending the territory could potentially lead to a war. This suggests that they believed that acquiring the Philippines would result in conflicts and military involvement, which they wanted to avoid.
27.
27. The Open Door policy
Correct Answer
D. d. guarded against the partitions of China into foreign colonies
Explanation
The Open Door policy aimed to prevent the partitioning of China into foreign colonies. This policy was introduced by the United States in the late 19th century, as a response to the growing influence of European powers and Japan in China. The United States wanted to ensure that all countries had equal access to trade and investment opportunities in China, without any one country dominating or taking control of specific regions. By advocating for an open and equal trading environment, the Open Door policy aimed to protect China's territorial integrity and prevent foreign colonization.
28.
28. The U.S purchased Alaska from
Correct Answer
D. Russia
Explanation
The correct answer is Russia. The United States purchased Alaska from Russia.
29.
29. Americans sympathized with the Cuban’s revolt against Spain
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Americans sympathized with the Cuban's revolt against Spain because they saw it as a fight for freedom and independence, similar to their own struggle against British rule in the American Revolution. Additionally, the American media played a significant role in shaping public opinion by portraying the Cuban rebels as heroic freedom fighters and highlighting the atrocities committed by the Spanish colonial government. This sympathy eventually led to the Spanish-American War, where the United States intervened on behalf of the Cuban rebels.
30.
30. Hearst press worked to promote peaceful negotiation with Spain about Cuba
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because Hearst press actually worked to promote war with Spain about Cuba, not peaceful negotiation. This can be seen in the sensationalist headlines and reporting that exaggerated the situation in Cuba and fueled public sentiment for military intervention.
31.
31. American forces captured Manila with the help of Filipinos rebelling against Spain
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
During the Spanish-American War in 1898, American forces, led by Admiral George Dewey, defeated the Spanish fleet in the Battle of Manila Bay. This victory allowed American troops to land in Manila, the capital of the Philippines, and with the support of Filipino rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo, they successfully captured the city from Spanish control. The cooperation between American forces and the Filipino rebels played a significant role in the capture of Manila. Therefore, the statement that American forces captured Manila with the help of Filipinos rebelling against Spain is true.
32.
32. The Supreme Court decided in the insular cases that American constitutional rights/laws applied in U.S colonies
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The Supreme Court decided in the insular cases that American constitutional rights/laws did not apply in U.S colonies. These cases, which were decided in the early 20th century, established that the Constitution did not automatically extend to territories acquired by the United States. Instead, the Court held that Congress had the power to determine the level of constitutional protection that would apply to these territories. This decision allowed for the creation of a separate legal framework for U.S colonies, with limited constitutional rights and laws.
33.
33. Filipino insurrection against the U.S was larger and cost more lives than the Spanish-American war
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The Filipino insurrection against the U.S was indeed larger and cost more lives than the Spanish-American war. The conflict began after the U.S acquired the Philippines from Spain in 1898, and lasted from 1899 to 1902. The Filipino resistance fought against U.S military forces in a bid for independence, resulting in a significant loss of life on both sides. The Spanish-American war, on the other hand, lasted only a few months and resulted in comparatively fewer casualties. Therefore, the statement that the Filipino insurrection was larger and cost more lives than the Spanish-American war is true.
34.
34. The Open Door notes effectively saved China from foreign intervention
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The Open Door notes were a series of diplomatic messages issued by the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They advocated for equal trading rights and access to China's market for all nations, thus preventing any single country from dominating China economically. This policy helped to preserve China's sovereignty and prevented foreign powers from intervening in its affairs. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Open Door notes effectively saved China from foreign intervention.
35.
35. The McKinley-Roosevelt victory in 1900 over the anti-imperialist campaign of William Jennings Bryan was interpreted as a mandate for imperialism
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The McKinley-Roosevelt victory in 1900 over William Jennings Bryan, who opposed imperialism, was seen as a mandate for imperialism. This means that the election result was interpreted as a clear indication that the American public supported the idea of expanding American influence and control over other countries. The victory of McKinley and Roosevelt, who were known for their pro-imperialist stance, reinforced the belief that the majority of Americans were in favor of imperialism.
36.
36. Roosevelt believed America/its president should show restraint in international involvements
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Roosevelt did not believe in showing restraint in international involvements. He was known for his active and interventionist foreign policy, particularly during World War II. He believed that America had a responsibility to promote democracy and protect its interests abroad. Roosevelt led the United States into the war and played a significant role in shaping the post-war world through his involvement in the creation of the United Nations. Therefore, the statement that Roosevelt believed in showing restraint in international involvements is false.
37.
37. Roosevelt encouraged/assisted the Panamanian revolt in 1903
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Roosevelt's encouragement and assistance of the Panamanian revolt in 1903 is well-documented. At the time, Panama was a province of Colombia, and Roosevelt wanted to secure a route for the construction of the Panama Canal. He supported the Panamanian separatists and even sent US naval forces to prevent Colombian troops from suppressing the revolt. This ultimately led to Panama gaining independence and the subsequent signing of the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, granting the US control over the Panama Canal Zone.
38.
38.Roosevelt took strong action to acquire canal rights in Panama, because there was no alternative for a Central America Canal
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Roosevelt did not take strong action to acquire canal rights in Panama because there was no alternative for a Central America Canal. In fact, there was an alternative option available in Nicaragua. However, Roosevelt chose to support the Panamanian independence movement and negotiate with them for canal rights, as it was a more favorable option for the United States due to its strategic location and easier construction conditions.
39.
39. The Roosevelt Corollary stated that the U.S alone had the right to intervene in Latin American affairs
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The Roosevelt Corollary was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine and it stated that the United States had the right to intervene in the affairs of Latin American countries to maintain stability and protect its interests. This policy was implemented by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904 and it justified American intervention in various Latin American countries over the years. Therefore, the statement that the U.S alone had the right to intervene in Latin American affairs is true.
40.
40. Roosevelt’s negotiation to bring a peace treaty between Russia/Japan earned him the gratitude of both nations
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Roosevelt's negotiation to bring a peace treaty between Russia and Japan did not earn him the gratitude of both nations. In fact, his efforts were met with criticism and resentment from both sides. While he did successfully mediate the negotiations, the resulting Treaty of Portsmouth was seen as unfavorable by both Russia and Japan. Russia felt that they had been forced to make significant concessions, while Japan believed that they had not received adequate compensation for their efforts in the war. Therefore, the correct answer is False.