1.
Selectați varianta falsă:
Correct Answer
B. Scheletul este alcǎtuit numai din oase lungi
Explanation
The correct answer is "scheletul este alcǎtuit numai din oase lungi" (the skeleton is composed only of long bones). This statement is false because the skeleton is not only composed of long bones, but also includes flat bones (such as the skull and ribs) and short bones (such as the wrist and ankle bones). Additionally, the skeleton also includes irregular bones (such as the vertebrae) and sesamoid bones (such as the patella). Therefore, the statement is incorrect as it does not accurately represent the composition of the skeleton.
2.
Identificați osul lat dintre următoarele variante propuse:
Correct Answer
B. ilionul
Explanation
The correct answer is "ilionul". The ilium is a large, flared bone that forms the upper part of the pelvis. It is one of the three bones that make up the hip bone or innominate bone. The radius is a bone in the forearm, the femur is a bone in the thigh, and the tarsal bones are a group of seven bones in the foot.
3.
Următoarele afirmaţii privind scheletul capului sunt adevărate, cu o excepţie:
Correct Answer
C. Cuprinde manubriul
Explanation
The correct answer is "cuprinde manubriul". This statement is not true because the skull does not include the manubrium, which is a part of the sternum (breastbone) in the thoracic region of the body. The skull is composed of the viscerocranium (facial bones) and the neurocranium (cranial bones), and it serves to protect the brain.
4.
Identifiți osul pereche din alcătuirea neurocraniului:
Correct Answer
D. Parietal
Explanation
The correct answer is "parietal." The question asks to identify the paired bone in the composition of the neurocranium. The neurocranium is the part of the skull that encloses and protects the brain. Among the given options, only the parietal bone is paired and forms the sides and roof of the cranium. The other options, such as the ethmoid, frontal, and maxillary bones, are not paired bones in the neurocranium.
5.
Identificați osul nepereche din alcătuirea neurocraniului:
Correct Answer
B. Frontal
Explanation
The correct answer is "frontal" because it is the only bone in the given options that is part of the neurocranium. The neurocranium is the part of the skull that surrounds and protects the brain, and it is composed of several bones, including the frontal bone. The temporal bone, parietal bone, and maxillary bone are not part of the neurocranium.
6.
Viscerocraniul este format din următoarele oase, cu o excepţie:
Correct Answer
C. Etmoid
Explanation
The viscerocranium is composed of the following bones: zygomatic, maxillary, and vomer. The exception is the ethmoid bone.
7.
Următoarele oase pereche sunt ale viscerocraniului, cu o excepţie:
Correct Answer
B. Sfenoid
Explanation
The given options are all bones of the viscerocranium, except for the sphenoid bone. The viscerocranium is the facial skeleton, and it consists of various paired and unpaired bones. The palatine, maxillary, and nasal bones are all part of the viscerocranium, but the sphenoid bone is not. The sphenoid bone is actually part of the neurocranium, which forms the base of the skull. Therefore, the correct answer is sfenoid.
8.
Identificați osul nepereche din alcătuirea viscerocraniului:
Correct Answer
C. Vomer
Explanation
The question asks to identify the odd bone from the composition of the viscerocranium. The viscerocranium is the facial skeleton, and it consists of several bones that form the structure of the face. The ethmoid, sphenoid, and zygomatic bones are all part of the viscerocranium. However, the vomer bone is not typically considered part of the viscerocranium. Instead, it is part of the nasal septum. Therefore, the vomer bone is the odd one out in this context.
9.
Următoarele afirmaţii privind coloana vertebralǎ sunt adevărate, cu o excepţie:
Correct Answer
D. Are regiunea cervicalǎ formatǎ din 2 vertebre, atlas şi axis
Explanation
The given answer states that the cervical region of the vertebral column is formed by two vertebrae, atlas and axis. However, this statement is incorrect. The cervical region of the vertebral column is actually formed by seven vertebrae, not two. The atlas and axis are the first two vertebrae in the cervical region, but there are five more vertebrae following them.
10.
Următoarele afirmaţii privind osul sacru sunt adevărate, cu o excepţie:
Correct Answer
A. Are formă triunghiulară cu baza în jos
Explanation
The given answer is incorrect because the sacrum bone does have a triangular shape with the base facing upwards, not downwards. The sacrum is a single, unpaired bone located in the lower back and is formed by the fusion of the last five vertebrae of the spine.
11.
Identificați afirmația corectă despre coaste:
Correct Answer
D. Perechile 11 şi 12 sunt numite coaste flotante
Explanation
The correct answer is that the 11th and 12th pairs of ribs are called floating ribs.
12.
Următoarele afirmații privind rolul coloanei vertebrale sunt corecte, cu o excepție:
Correct Answer
C. Protejare a trunchiului cerebral
Explanation
The given answer, "protejare a trunchiului cerebral" (protection of the brainstem), is incorrect because the role of the vertebral column is not to protect the brainstem. The vertebral column primarily functions to support the body, execute movements of the trunk, and protect the spinal cord. The brainstem is protected by the skull, not the vertebral column.
13.
Selectați varianta corectă despre stern:
Correct Answer
A. Format din manubriu, corp şi apendice xifoid
Explanation
The correct answer is "format din manubriu, corp şi apendice xifoid". This answer states that the sternum is composed of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The manubrium is the upper part of the sternum, the body is the middle part, and the xiphoid process is the small, cartilaginous extension at the bottom. Together, these three components make up the sternum, a flat bone located in the center of the chest.
14.
Identificați varianta corectă privind alcătuirea scheletului toracelui:
Correct Answer
B. Cuprinde regiunea toracală a coloanei vertebrale, coastele situate lateral și sternul situat anterior
Explanation
The correct answer is "cuprinde regiunea toracală a coloanei vertebrale, coastele situate lateral și sternul situat anterior." This option correctly describes the composition of the thoracic skeleton, which includes the thoracic region of the vertebral column, the ribs located laterally, and the sternum located anteriorly.
15.
Indicaţi afirmaţia incorectă:
Correct Answer
D. Centura scapulară este formată din claviculă, stern și scapulă
Explanation
The correct answer is that the statement "centura scapulară este formată din claviculă, stern și scapulă" is incorrect. The scapula is not part of the shoulder girdle, but rather the clavicle and the scapula together form the shoulder girdle. The sternum is not part of the shoulder girdle.
16.
Alegeţi afirmaţia falsă:
Correct Answer
B. Viscerocraniul cuprinde: etmoidul, sfenoidul, maxilarul, mandibula şi oasele nazale
Explanation
The correct answer is "viscerocraniul cuprinde: etmoidul, sfenoidul, maxilarul, mandibula şi oasele nazale." This statement is false because the viscerocranium does not include the ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone, or nasal bones. The viscerocranium refers to the facial skeleton and includes the maxilla, mandible, and other facial bones involved in forming the structure of the face.
17.
Alegeţi afirmaţia adevărată:
Correct Answer
C. Oasele sunt constituite din ţesut osos compact şi spongios
Explanation
The correct answer states that bones are composed of compact and spongy bone tissue. This is true because bones have two types of bone tissue: compact bone, which is dense and hard, and spongy bone, which is porous and contains spaces filled with bone marrow. Compact bone provides strength and support, while spongy bone helps to reduce the weight of the bone and provides spaces for blood vessels and bone marrow.
18.
Următoarele oase fac parte din scheletul capului, cu o excepție:
Correct Answer
A. Atlas
Explanation
The given question is in Romanian and it asks about the bones that are part of the skull, with one exception. The correct answer is "atlas." The atlas is actually the first cervical vertebra, which is located in the neck and supports the head. It is not considered a bone of the skull. The other options, vomer, sfenoid, and etmoid, are all bones that are part of the skull.
19.
Următoarele oase fac parte din scheletul bazinului, cu o excepţie:
Correct Answer
C. Trohanter
Explanation
The given question is in Romanian and it asks which of the following bones is not part of the pelvic skeleton. The ilium, ischium, and pubis are all bones that make up the pelvis. However, the trochanter is not part of the pelvic skeleton. The trochanter is a bony prominence found on the femur bone in the thigh, not in the pelvis.
20.
Funcţiile sistemului osos sunt următoarele, cu o excepţie:
Correct Answer
B. Contractilă
Explanation
The functions of the skeletal system include providing mechanical support, protecting internal organs, producing blood cells, and storing minerals. However, the skeletal system is not responsible for contractile functions. Contractions are primarily carried out by the muscular system, which allows movement and locomotion.
21.
Care dintre următoarele oase nu fac parte din alcătuirea piciorului:
Correct Answer
C. Metacarpiene
Explanation
The correct answer is "metacarpiene". This is because metacarpal bones are found in the hand, not in the foot. The other options - falange, metatarsiene, and tarsiene - are all bones that are part of the foot.
22.
Care dintre următoarele oase nu fac parte din alcătuirea mâinii:
Correct Answer
D. Metatarsiene
Explanation
Metatarsiene is the correct answer because it refers to the bones in the foot, not the hand. The question asks which bones do not belong to the composition of the hand, and the metatarsiene are not part of the hand's structure.
23.
Selectați care dintre următoarele oase nu fac parte din alcătuirea centurii pelvine:
Correct Answer
B. Femur
Explanation
The femur is not part of the pelvic girdle. The pelvic girdle consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis bones, which connect the axial skeleton (spine) to the lower limbs. The femur, on the other hand, is the thigh bone and is part of the lower limb, not the pelvic girdle.
24.
Selectați afirmația care cuprinde oasele gambei:
Correct Answer
C. Tibia și peroneul
Explanation
The correct answer is "tibia și peroneul". This is because the tibia and peroneul (also known as the fibula) are the two bones that make up the lower leg or shin. The ulna and radiusul are bones in the forearm, while cubitus is not a bone in the human body. Therefore, the correct answer is tibia și peroneul.
25.
Selectați afirmația care cuprinde oasele antebrațului:
Correct Answer
D. Radius și ulna
Explanation
Explicația corectă este că oasele antebrațului sunt radius și ulna. Aceste două oase se găsesc în partea inferioară a brațului și sunt responsabile pentru mișcarea și flexibilitatea încheieturii mâinii și a cotului. Tibia și fibula sunt oasele gambei, peroneul și fibula sunt sinonime și nu există niciun os numit "cubitusul".
26.
Sternul este compus din următoarele părţi, cu o excepţie:
Correct Answer
B. Sfenoid
Explanation
The sternum is composed of the body, xiphoid process, and manubrium. The exception in this case is the sfenoid, which is not a part of the sternum.
27.
Identificați afirmația corectă privind coastele:
Correct Answer
B. Sunt în număr de 12 perechi
Explanation
Coastele sunt în număr de 12 perechi.
28.
Identificați afirmația falsă cu privire la funcţia mecanică a sistemului osos:
Correct Answer
C. funcţia de depozitare de săruri minerale
Explanation
The false statement regarding the mechanical function of the skeletal system is "funcţia de depozitare de săruri minerale" (the function of storing mineral salts). While the skeletal system does play a role in mineral storage, it is not its primary function. The correct functions of the skeletal system are protection of vital organs, movement (locomotion), and support of soft tissues.
29.
Următoarele afirmaţii referitoare la funcţia hematopoietică a oaselor sunt false, cu o
excepție:
Correct Answer
A. Reprezintă formarea elementelor figurate ale sângelui
Explanation
The correct answer is "reprezintă formarea elementelor figurate ale sângelui". This statement is true because the hematopoietic function of bones refers to the formation of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
30.
Selectați varianta adevărată despre stern:
Correct Answer
C. Se articuleazǎ prin intermediul cartilajelor costale cu coastele I-X
Explanation
The correct answer is "se articuleazǎ prin intermediul cartilajelor costale cu coastele I-X." This means that the sternum articulates with the first to tenth pairs of ribs through costal cartilages. This is true because the sternum is a flat bone located in the center of the chest and it forms the front part of the rib cage. It connects to the ribs through the costal cartilages, which allow for movement and flexibility in the chest.