Newly Acquired Knowledge Of Sociology Final Exam
If you’ve been studying sociology for a while and need to practice your newly acquired knowledge on society and the sciences behind it, then this quiz may help yu do just that. Have you been paying attention? Let’s find out!
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Chapter One Questions follow: This sociologist focused on the problems caused by the enormous gaps between the wealthy and the poor. He was an economist and the founder of socialism.
- A.
Max Weber
- B.
Auguste Comte
- C.
Karl Marx
- D.
Jane Addams
Correct Answer
C. Karl MarxExplanation
Karl Marx, the correct answer, was a sociologist and economist who is known for his critique of capitalism and his advocacy for socialism. He focused on the problems caused by the vast disparities in wealth between the rich and the poor. Marx believed that these inequalities led to social conflict and exploitation, and he argued for a more equitable distribution of resources and power in society. His ideas have had a significant impact on the field of sociology and continue to be influential in discussions of social inequality and economic systems.Rate this question:
-
- 2.
This concept refers to social dependency based on a widespread consensus of values and beliefs, enforced conformity, and dependence on tradition and family.
- A.
Verstehen
- B.
Mechanical solidarity
- C.
Organic solidarity
- D.
Rationalization
Correct Answer
B. Mechanical solidarityExplanation
Mechanical solidarity refers to social dependency based on a widespread consensus of values and beliefs, enforced conformity, and dependence on tradition and family. This concept highlights the idea that in societies with mechanical solidarity, individuals are bound together by shared norms, traditions, and collective consciousness. This form of social cohesion is often found in traditional, pre-industrial societies where social roles and relationships are based on kinship and traditional customs rather than individualism or specialization.Rate this question:
-
- 3.
This sociological perspective focuses on the contributions of each part of society and sees those parts as an integrated whole.
- A.
Conflict Perspective
- B.
Functionalist Perspective
- C.
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Correct Answer
B. Functionalist PerspectiveExplanation
The functionalist perspective in sociology focuses on how different parts of society work together to maintain social order and stability. It views society as a complex system where each part has a specific function or purpose that contributes to the overall functioning of the whole. This perspective emphasizes the importance of social institutions and how they fulfill the needs of society. It also highlights the interdependence and interconnectedness of different social groups and institutions.Rate this question:
-
- 4.
The ____________ is the ability to see the link between society and self.
- A.
Sociological perspective
- B.
Verstehen
- C.
Sociological imagination
- D.
Social structure
Correct Answer
C. Sociological imaginationExplanation
The sociological imagination is the ability to see the link between society and self. It involves understanding how individual experiences are shaped by social forces and structures. This perspective allows individuals to critically analyze their own lives in the context of larger social issues and historical patterns. By recognizing the influence of social factors on personal experiences, the sociological imagination helps individuals develop a broader understanding of society and their place within it.Rate this question:
-
- 5.
Sociologists do not focus on the behavior of individuals but on the patterns of behavior shared by members of a group or society. This is referred to as _______________
- A.
Sociological perspective
- B.
Social structure
- C.
Social statics
- D.
Social dynamics
Correct Answer
B. Social structureExplanation
Sociologists study the patterns of behavior shared by members of a group or society rather than focusing on individual behavior. This allows them to analyze how these patterns shape and influence social interactions, institutions, and relationships within a society. The term "social structure" refers to the organized patterns of social relationships and institutions that form the foundation of a society. By understanding social structure, sociologists can gain insights into the larger social forces that shape individual behavior and societal dynamics.Rate this question:
-
- 6.
This sociologist wrote that the poor deserve to be poor and the rich deserved to be rich. He opposed social reform because it interferred with the selection process. Society benefits by allowing individuals to find their own social class without any interference from the outside.
- A.
Auguste Compte
- B.
Emile Durkheim
- C.
Herbert Spencer
- D.
WEB DuBois
Correct Answer
C. Herbert SpencerExplanation
Herbert Spencer is the correct answer because he believed that the poor deserved to be poor and the rich deserved to be rich. He opposed social reform because he believed it interfered with the natural selection process of society. According to Spencer, society benefits when individuals are allowed to find their own social class without any external interference.Rate this question:
-
- 7.
This sociologist wrote extensively about social dynamics, how societies change, and social statics, how societies tend to remain the same. He is also credited with coining the term "sociology".
- A.
Auguste Comte
- B.
Herbert Spencer
- C.
Karl Marx
- D.
Emile Durkheim
Correct Answer
A. Auguste ComteExplanation
Auguste Comte is the correct answer because he was a sociologist who wrote extensively about social dynamics and social statics. He is also credited with coining the term "sociology." His work focused on understanding how societies change and how they tend to remain the same, making him a significant figure in the development of sociology as a discipline.Rate this question:
-
- 8.
Specialized roles make members of a society dependent on one another for goods and services. For example, banks needs customers and those customers in turn need their banks. This is an example of ___________
- A.
Mechanical solidarity
- B.
Verstehen
- C.
Rationalization
- D.
Organic solidarity
Correct Answer
D. Organic solidarityExplanation
Specialized roles in society create interdependence among individuals, where they rely on each other for goods and services. In this example, banks require customers to function, while customers rely on banks for their financial needs. This illustrates organic solidarity, which refers to social cohesion based on the interdependence of individuals in complex societies. In contrast to mechanical solidarity, which is based on similarity and shared values, organic solidarity arises from the division of labor and the need for cooperation and mutual support in modern societies. Verstehen refers to understanding social behavior, and rationalization refers to the process of applying rational and efficient means to achieve desired outcomes.Rate this question:
-
- 9.
Women gaining the right to vote, African Americans achieving equality in our society, children gaining civil rights protection. These topics would all interest sociologists who adhere to the _____________ perspective of sociology.
- A.
Conflict
- B.
Functionalist
- C.
Symbolic Interactionist
Correct Answer
A. ConflictExplanation
The correct answer is conflict. Conflict perspective in sociology focuses on the social inequalities and power struggles within society. Women gaining the right to vote, African Americans achieving equality, and children gaining civil rights protection are all examples of social conflicts and struggles for power and equality. Sociologists who adhere to the conflict perspective would be interested in studying and understanding these social conflicts and the ways in which they shape society.Rate this question:
-
- 10.
Chapter Three Questions follow: _________ are simply rules that define appropriate and inappropriate behavior in our society. Let's say you're eating at a restaraunt and decide to eat your steak with your bare hands, you tear the meat apart and use no utensils. You are obviously violating social _____________ but no one is going to have you thrown out of the restaraunt. However, your waiter comes back with ranch dressing instead of french dressing and you stab him. Now you have violated a __________ and a _____________ and you will definitely be leaving soon.
- A.
Law / folkway / more / norms
- B.
Norms / folkway / more / law
- C.
Folkway / more / law / norms
- D.
More / law / folkway / norms
Correct Answer
B. Norms / folkway / more / lawExplanation
Norms are rules that define appropriate and inappropriate behavior in society. In the given scenario, eating steak with bare hands violates social norms, but it is not severe enough to be thrown out of the restaurant. However, stabbing the waiter violates both a norm and a more (a norm with strong moral significance), as well as a law, which is a formal rule enforced by the legal system. This behavior would result in the person being asked to leave the restaurant.Rate this question:
-
- 11.
My father gave me a 1972 Eisenhower silver dollar when I graduated from high school in 1983. I have kept it with me ever since. I keep it with me for a number of reasons: it reminds me of my father, it is my lucky coin, and I will at least have a dollar to my name when I die. All these things are part of our __________
- A.
Heritage
- B.
Society
- C.
Sanctions
- D.
Culture
Correct Answer
D. CultureExplanation
The given correct answer for this question is "culture". The passage mentions that the silver dollar is kept for reasons such as reminding the person of their father, being a lucky coin, and having a dollar to their name when they die. These reasons are all related to personal beliefs and traditions, which are aspects of one's culture.Rate this question:
-
- 12.
My lucky coin is part of my ____________ whereas my belief in hard work and perseverance are part of my _____________
- A.
Society / non-material culture
- B.
Non-material culture / material culture
- C.
Ideal culture / real culture
- D.
Real culture / ideal culture
Correct Answer
B. Non-material culture / material cultureExplanation
The statement suggests that the "lucky coin" is something that holds personal value and significance to the individual, which is a part of their non-material culture. On the other hand, the belief in hard work and perseverance is a mindset or a set of values that can be considered as part of their material culture, as it is a tangible aspect of their life. Hence, the correct answer is "non-material culture / material culture".Rate this question:
-
- 13.
_________ are pretty simple to follow. They are rewards or punishments used to encourage conformity to norms. They can _______, which means that they are used in the form of a punishment, or they can be ____________, which means that they can be used in the form of a reward.
- A.
Norms / negative / formal
- B.
Formal / sanctions / norms
- C.
Sanctions / negative / positive
- D.
Laws / negative / positive
Correct Answer
C. Sanctions / negative / positiveExplanation
Sanctions are pretty simple to follow. They are rewards or punishments used to encourage conformity to norms. They can be negative, which means that they are used in the form of a punishment, or they can be positive, which means that they can be used in the form of a reward.Rate this question:
-
- 14.
______ are used to enforce folkways, ________ , and laws which are types of _________ that are based on __________.
- A.
Sanctions / mores / norms / values
- B.
Values / mores / sanctions / norms
- C.
Norms / sanctions / values / mores
- D.
Mores / values / sanctions / norms
Correct Answer
A. Sanctions / mores / norms / valuesExplanation
Sanctions are used to enforce mores, norms, and laws which are types of values that are based on norms. Sanctions are penalties or rewards that are used to encourage or discourage certain behaviors within a society. Mores are norms that are considered to be highly important and are closely tied to a society's values. Norms are the accepted social behaviors within a society. Values are the beliefs and principles that a society holds as important. Therefore, the given answer correctly identifies the relationship between sanctions, mores, norms, and values.Rate this question:
-
- 15.
Jill was driving down highway at a very high rate of speed and consequently, was pulled over by a police officer, who issued her a ticket. This ticket serves as a sanction, a punishment for violating the norms of driving. What kind of sanction was Jill issued is the question?
- A.
Positive / informal
- B.
Informal / negative
- C.
Formal / positive
- D.
Formal / negative
Correct Answer
D. Formal / negativeExplanation
Jill was issued a formal and negative sanction in the form of a ticket for her high-speed driving. The fact that it was a formal sanction implies that it was an official action taken by a police officer, following the established rules and procedures. The negative aspect of the sanction suggests that it was a punishment for violating the norms of driving, indicating that Jill was reprimanded for her behavior.Rate this question:
-
- 16.
Osvaldo scored 28 goals this year for the Perry Bluejay soccer team. He was awarded for his efforts by being selected as a unanimous selection on this year's conference All - Star team by conference coaches. What kind of sanction was Osvaldo issued is the question?
- A.
Formal / negative
- B.
Formal / positive
- C.
Informal / negative
- D.
Informal / positive
Correct Answer
B. Formal / positiveExplanation
Osvaldo being selected as a unanimous selection on this year's conference All-Star team by conference coaches indicates that he received recognition and approval for his performance. This suggests that the sanction he was issued was formal and positive, as it was an official acknowledgment of his accomplishments.Rate this question:
-
- 17.
Little Elizabeth is only three years old. She eats with her hands and is quite messy. Her mother scolds her and tells Elizabeth that this manner of dining is unacceptable. What kind of sanction was Lizzy issued is the question?
- A.
Informal / positive
- B.
Informal / negative
- C.
Formal / positive
- D.
Formal / negative
Correct Answer
B. Informal / negativeExplanation
The sanction issued to Lizzy is informal and negative. This is because her mother scolds her and tells her that her manner of dining is unacceptable. The use of scolding and expressing disapproval indicates an informal and negative form of sanction.Rate this question:
-
- 18.
The Constitution discusses our rights and such. It claims that everyone has certain rights like voting, speech, etc. This would be our ________ culture. However, reality shows that not everyone in the United States is treated equally. We do discriminate against others. This is our ___________ culture.
- A.
Society / ideal
- B.
Symbols / real
- C.
Real / ideal
- D.
Ideal / real
Correct Answer
D. Ideal / realExplanation
The Constitution discusses our rights and claims that everyone has certain rights like voting, speech, etc. This would be our ideal culture. However, reality shows that not everyone in the United States is treated equally. We do discriminate against others. This is our real culture.Rate this question:
-
- 19.
____________ are broad, general ideas about what most people in society consider to be desirable.
- A.
Culture
- B.
Symbols
- C.
Values
- D.
Norms
Correct Answer
C. ValuesExplanation
Values are broad, general ideas about what most people in society consider to be desirable. They are beliefs and principles that guide individuals and communities in making decisions and determining what is important. Values can vary across different cultures and societies, but they often reflect the shared ideals and aspirations of a group. Symbols, on the other hand, are objects or images that represent something else, while norms are rules and expectations that govern behavior. Culture encompasses all of these elements, but values specifically refer to the desirable ideals held by a society.Rate this question:
-
- 20.
Many people in the United States practice some sort of religion or another. These beliefs help make up our _____________.
- A.
Material culture
- B.
Non-material culture
- C.
Symbols
- D.
Sanctions
Correct Answer
B. Non-material cultureExplanation
Religion is a part of non-material culture because it consists of beliefs, values, and practices that are not tangible or physical. Non-material culture refers to the intangible aspects of a society, such as beliefs, ideas, language, customs, and norms. Religion influences people's behavior, moral values, and worldview, shaping their understanding of the world and their place in it. Therefore, the statement suggests that people's religious beliefs contribute to their non-material culture.Rate this question:
-
- 21.
Take a group of people who work in the technological field, say computer programmers. Sounds pretty normal. BUT, this same group of people base jump off of cliffs, high buildings, bridges, etc. Very NOT normal. This group of people would be referred to by sociologists as being ____________
- A.
Ethnocentric
- B.
Counter cultural
- C.
A subculture
- D.
Strange
Correct Answer
C. A subcultureExplanation
This group of people who work in the technological field but also engage in extreme activities like base jumping can be considered a subculture. A subculture refers to a smaller group within a larger society that shares distinctive values, beliefs, behaviors, and interests that set them apart from the mainstream culture. In this case, their participation in base jumping distinguishes them from the majority of people in the technological field and makes them a unique subset or subculture within that profession.Rate this question:
-
- 22.
Chapter Four Questions follow: _____________ is the cultural process of learning to participate in group life. It begins at birth and continues throughout one's lifetime.
- A.
Socialization
- B.
Re-socialization
- C.
De-socialization
- D.
Status
Correct Answer
A. SocializationExplanation
Socialization is the cultural process of learning to participate in group life. It starts from birth and continues throughout one's lifetime. This process involves acquiring the knowledge, skills, values, and norms necessary for functioning in society. Through socialization, individuals learn how to interact with others, understand social roles, and develop their sense of self. It is through socialization that individuals become members of society and learn to navigate its social structures and expectations.Rate this question:
-
- 23.
This sociological perspective would view socialization as a way for the powerful to keep things the same way, never change and always let the wealthy get away with things while the poor are kept at the bottom of society.
- A.
Functionalist
- B.
Conflict Theory
- C.
Symbolic Interactionist
Correct Answer
B. Conflict TheoryExplanation
Conflict theory is a sociological perspective that focuses on the unequal distribution of power, resources, and opportunities in society. According to this perspective, socialization is seen as a means for the powerful to maintain their dominance and perpetuate social inequality. It suggests that the wealthy and powerful individuals or groups use socialization to ensure that the existing social order remains intact, allowing them to benefit while keeping the poor at the bottom of society. This perspective emphasizes the role of conflict and competition in shaping social interactions and institutions.Rate this question:
-
- 24.
Symbolic Interactionists views the influence of the media on socialization in the following way:
- A.
Network television programs encourage social integration by exposing the entire society to shared beliefs, values, and norms
- B.
Newspaper owners and editors exercise power by setting the political agenda for a community
- C.
Through words and pictures, childrens books expose the young to the meaning love, manners, and motherhood
Correct Answer
C. Through words and pictures, childrens books expose the young to the meaning love, manners, and motherhoodExplanation
Symbolic Interactionists view the influence of the media on socialization as children's books exposing the young to the meaning of love, manners, and motherhood through words and pictures. This suggests that children's books play a significant role in shaping the understanding and values of children in relation to these concepts. By presenting these ideas in a visual and textual format, children's books contribute to the socialization process by introducing and reinforcing societal norms and expectations regarding love, manners, and motherhood.Rate this question:
-
- 25.
The military recruits young men and women and then isolate them for a certain amount of time. While in isolation from the rest of society, the military makes these young people re-learn everything that they have ever done. You don't walk to lunch, you run, you don't say "yeah", you say "Yes Sir!", you don't question your superiors, you simply do what you are told. This is an example of
- A.
Socialization
- B.
De-socialization
- C.
Re-socialization
- D.
Bad karma
Correct Answer
C. Re-socializationExplanation
The military recruits young men and women and then isolates them for a certain amount of time, during which they are made to re-learn everything they have ever done. They are taught new behaviors and attitudes that are expected in the military, such as running instead of walking, using proper military language, and obeying orders without questioning. This process of re-learning and adopting new behaviors is known as re-socialization. It helps the military mold individuals into disciplined and obedient soldiers who can effectively function within the military structure.Rate this question:
-
- 26.
The military is an example of this. So is a mental health ward. One would also argue that prison is an example as well. These are places in which people are isolated from the rest of society and controlled by officials in charge. The example that I am speaking of is called ____________
- A.
An institution
- B.
A total institution
- C.
A de-socialization unit
- D.
PEHP
Correct Answer
B. A total institutionExplanation
The correct answer is a total institution. A total institution refers to a place or organization where individuals are completely separated from the larger society and have all aspects of their lives controlled by the authorities in charge. Examples of total institutions include the military, mental health wards, and prisons, where individuals are isolated and subjected to strict rules and regulations.Rate this question:
-
- 27.
Which of the following are Agents of Socialization which were covered in the textbook?
- A.
Mass media
- B.
Family
- C.
Peer group
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "all of the above" because the question asks for the Agents of Socialization covered in the textbook, and the options provided (mass media, family, and peer group) are all included in the textbook. These agents play a significant role in shaping an individual's beliefs, values, and behaviors, and the textbook covers their influence on socialization processes.Rate this question:
-
- 28.
Chapter Five Questions follow: ____________ is something that we all have. For example, Bill Gates has it, as well as the lowliest freshman at Perry High School. What is IT?
- A.
Role
- B.
Gemeinschaft
- C.
Obligations
- D.
Status
Correct Answer
D. StatusExplanation
Status is something that we all have, regardless of our position or social standing. It refers to the position or rank that an individual holds in society, which can vary from person to person. This can be seen in the example given, where both Bill Gates, a billionaire entrepreneur, and a freshman at Perry High School, who is just starting their education, have their own respective statuses. Status can be influenced by factors such as wealth, occupation, education, and social connections.Rate this question:
-
- 29.
This type of status is neither achieved or chosen: it is simply assigned. It is ____
- A.
Ascribed status
- B.
Achieved status
- C.
Master status
- D.
Status
Correct Answer
A. Ascribed statusExplanation
Ascribed status refers to a social position or rank that is given to an individual based on factors such as their race, gender, or family background. Unlike achieved status, which is earned through individual efforts and accomplishments, ascribed status is not chosen or achieved. It is simply assigned to an individual at birth or during their lifetime. Therefore, the given correct answer for this question is "ascribed status."Rate this question:
-
- 30.
The Perry High School boys soccer team were able to win all of their conference games this year. They finished the season at 7 - 0 in conference play. This is an example of ___________ status
- A.
Ascribed
- B.
Achieved
- C.
Master
- D.
Status set
Correct Answer
B. AchievedExplanation
The Perry High School boys soccer team's accomplishment of winning all of their conference games demonstrates their achieved status. This means that they have earned this status through their skills, hard work, and performance on the field. It is not something that was given to them or determined by factors beyond their control, but rather something they have actively worked towards and achieved through their efforts.Rate this question:
-
- 31.
Mr. Marburger is the principal at Perry High School. He is recognized as such when he is at basketball games for his children, at chruch with his family, in the very back row at performances at the Performing Arts Center. His position as principal is his ___________ status.
- A.
Ascribed
- B.
Master
- C.
Gemeinschaft
- D.
Ultimate
Correct Answer
B. MasterExplanation
The correct answer is "master". In this scenario, Mr. Marburger's position as principal is not something that was given to him by birth or automatically assigned to him, but rather a status that he has achieved through his own efforts and qualifications. Therefore, it can be considered a "master" status.Rate this question:
-
- 32.
An expected behavior associated with a particular status is called a ________
- A.
Right
- B.
Obligation
- C.
Status
- D.
Role
Correct Answer
D. RoleExplanation
A role is an expected behavior associated with a particular status. It refers to the set of responsibilities, duties, and behaviors that individuals are expected to perform based on their position or social status. Roles help to define and guide the actions and interactions of individuals within a specific context or organization.Rate this question:
-
- 33.
____________ are behaviors that individuals expect from others, whereas __________ are behaviors that individuals are expected to perform towards others.
- A.
Obligations / rights
- B.
Rights / roles
- C.
Ascribed status / achieved status
- D.
Rights / obligations
Correct Answer
D. Rights / obligationsExplanation
Rights refer to behaviors that individuals expect from others, while obligations are behaviors that individuals are expected to perform towards others. In other words, rights are the entitlements that individuals have to be treated in a certain way by others, while obligations are the responsibilities individuals have to fulfill towards others. This distinction highlights the reciprocal nature of social interactions, where individuals have both rights and obligations towards one another.Rate this question:
-
- 34.
As a teacher, I have to put up with a great deal of things, and on top of that, I am not allowed to kill them. That is because I have ____________ to protect my students from harm.
- A.
A right
- B.
An obligation
- C.
A role conflict
- D.
A role strain
Correct Answer
B. An obligationExplanation
As a teacher, it is my responsibility to ensure the safety and well-being of my students. I am obligated to protect them from any harm or danger that may come their way. This obligation stems from the trust and duty that I have as an educator to create a secure and nurturing environment for my students to learn and grow in.Rate this question:
-
- 35.
Joe is a senior at Perry High School. He also works at Fareway 4 days a week. This week Joe is taking finals and is having a hard go at finding the time to study. Joe is experiencing _________
- A.
Role obligations
- B.
Role strain
- C.
Gesellschaft
- D.
Role conflict
Correct Answer
D. Role conflictExplanation
Joe is experiencing role conflict because he is facing conflicting demands and expectations from his roles as a student and an employee. He is having a hard time finding time to study for his finals due to his work schedule, which is causing a conflict between his school responsibilities and work commitments.Rate this question:
-
- 36.
Joe is a senior at Perry High School. He also works full time at Tyson, from 11 at night to 7 in the morning. Joe is having a hard time keeping up with his school work and he is extremely tired on the job. Joe is experiencing ___________
- A.
Role obligations
- B.
Role strain
- C.
Gesellschaft
- D.
Role conflict
Correct Answer
B. Role strainExplanation
Joe is experiencing role strain. Role strain occurs when an individual has difficulty fulfilling the multiple roles they have, such as being a student and an employee. In this case, Joe is struggling to balance his school work and his full-time job, resulting in him being extremely tired on the job. This demonstrates the strain he is experiencing in trying to meet the expectations and demands of both roles simultaneously.Rate this question:
-
- 37.
This pre-Industrial society survives primarily through the growing of plants
- A.
Agricultural society
- B.
Horticultural society
- C.
Pastoral society
- D.
Hunting and gathering society
Correct Answer
B. Horticultural societyExplanation
A horticultural society is a type of society that primarily survives through the growing of plants. In this society, people cultivate gardens or small plots of land using simple tools and techniques. They rely on the cultivation of crops for their sustenance and may also engage in some hunting and gathering activities. Unlike an agricultural society, which relies heavily on large-scale farming and the use of advanced technology, a horticultural society practices a more primitive form of agriculture. In this society, people have a more direct and intimate relationship with the land and the plants they grow.Rate this question:
-
- 38.
This pre-Industrial society survives by hunting animals and gathering edible plants. (really, you have to even think about this)
- A.
Agricultural society
- B.
Horticultural society
- C.
Pastoral society
- D.
Hunting and gathering society
Correct Answer
D. Hunting and gathering societyExplanation
The given scenario describes a society that relies on hunting animals and gathering edible plants for survival. This indicates that they have not yet developed agricultural practices or horticulture, which involve cultivation of crops. Additionally, there is no mention of pastoralism, which involves the domestication and herding of animals. Therefore, the most appropriate classification for this society is a hunting and gathering society.Rate this question:
-
- 39.
In this type of society, the society depends on science and technology to produce its basic goods and services.
- A.
Pre-Industrial society
- B.
Industrial society
- C.
Post-Industrial society
Correct Answer
B. Industrial societyExplanation
An industrial society is characterized by the dependence on science and technology to produce basic goods and services. This means that advancements in technology and the use of machinery play a crucial role in the production process. In contrast, a pre-industrial society relies more on manual labor and traditional methods of production, while a post-industrial society focuses on the service sector and information technology. Therefore, an industrial society best fits the description given in the question.Rate this question:
-
- 40.
One of the hallmarks of the ____________ society is that a majority of the workforce is involved in producing things. Vacuum cleaners, ships, cars, plastic sporks, etc, the society is producing things.
- A.
Pre-Industrial society
- B.
Industrial society
- C.
Post-Industrial society
Correct Answer
B. Industrial societyExplanation
An industrial society is characterized by a majority of the workforce being involved in producing things. This is evident in the examples provided such as vacuum cleaners, ships, cars, and plastic sporks, which are all products of industrial production. In contrast, a pre-industrial society would have a smaller portion of the workforce engaged in manufacturing, while a post-industrial society would be more focused on service-based industries rather than physical production.Rate this question:
-
- 41.
We live in a society in which the economic emphasis is on providing service and information. Our society is known as a(n) _____________ society. Think about it, many people work in banks, what do they make? Many people are employed in the fast-food industry, what do they make? They don't make anything, they provide service and information.
- A.
Pre-Industrial society
- B.
Industrial society
- C.
Post-Industrial society
Correct Answer
C. Post-Industrial societyExplanation
The correct answer is post-Industrial society. This is because the question mentions that the economic emphasis is on providing service and information, rather than manufacturing or producing physical goods. This aligns with the characteristics of a post-Industrial society, where the economy is based on services, technology, and knowledge-based industries, rather than traditional manufacturing or agriculture. The examples given of people working in banks and the fast-food industry further support the idea that the focus is on providing services rather than producing goods.Rate this question:
-
- 42.
Emile Durkheim believed that societies are distinguished by two types of social solidarity, the degree to which a society is unified or can hold itself together in the face of obstacles. He contended that in societies in which the division of labor is simple - in which most people are doing the same type of work - ________________ is the foundation for social unity. In contrast, in an industrial society, members depend on a variety of people to fulfill their needs - barbers, bankers, manufacturers, etc. This society is based on _________________, social unity that is based on a complex of social statuses that make members of society interdependent.
- A.
Gemeinschaft / gesellschaft
- B.
Gesellschaft / social solidarity
- C.
Mechanical solidarity / organic solidarity
- D.
Organic solidarity / mechanical solidarity
Correct Answer
C. Mechanical solidarity / organic solidarityExplanation
Emile Durkheim believed that in societies where the division of labor is simple, meaning most people are doing the same type of work, social unity is based on mechanical solidarity. This type of solidarity is characterized by a strong collective consciousness and shared values and beliefs. In contrast, in industrial societies where members depend on a variety of people to fulfill their needs, social unity is based on organic solidarity. This type of solidarity is based on interdependence and the complex network of social statuses that exist in such societies.Rate this question:
-
- 43.
Chapter Six Questions follow: The members of your team, your class, and perhaps even extended family members like 2nd or 3rd cousins are what we would call members of your ___________. Their opinions of your may or may not really matter.
- A.
Peer group
- B.
Family
- C.
Primary group
- D.
Secondary group
Correct Answer
D. Secondary groupExplanation
A secondary group refers to a larger, more impersonal group of individuals who come together for a specific purpose or activity, such as a team, class, or extended family members. The opinions of individuals in a secondary group may or may not hold much significance to an individual, as the relationships within this group are typically less intimate and personal compared to primary groups like close friends or immediate family members. Therefore, the correct answer is secondary group.Rate this question:
-
- 44.
Your very close friends, your parents, your relatives who happen to be special to you, maybe a teacher or coach who you are close to. These are all examples of people who would fit into our _______________. Their opinions of us matter to us.
- A.
Peer group
- B.
Family
- C.
Primary group
- D.
Secondary group
Correct Answer
C. Primary groupExplanation
A primary group refers to a small, intimate group of individuals who have frequent and direct interaction with each other. These individuals share strong emotional bonds, trust, and support. In the given context, close friends, parents, relatives, teachers, and coaches are all examples of people who would fit into our primary group. Their opinions hold significance to us because of the close relationship and emotional connection we have with them.Rate this question:
-
- 45.
A voluntary action performed in the expectation of getting a reward in return. Hanging out with your friends would be an example of this social interaction.
- A.
Coercion
- B.
Conflict
- C.
Social Exchange
- D.
Cooperation
Correct Answer
C. Social ExchangeExplanation
Social exchange refers to a voluntary action performed with the expectation of receiving a reward in return. Hanging out with friends can be seen as a social interaction based on social exchange, as individuals engage in this activity expecting to enjoy companionship, fun, and other benefits from their friends. The concept of social exchange emphasizes the idea that individuals engage in interactions with others based on the expectation of mutual benefits and rewards.Rate this question:
-
- 46.
Behavior that matches group expectations. Getting good grades because you don't want to be ineligible for school activities would be an example of this social interaction.
- A.
Coercion
- B.
Conformity
- C.
Social Exchange
- D.
Cooperation
Correct Answer
B. ConformityExplanation
Conformity refers to behavior that matches group expectations. In the given example, getting good grades to avoid being ineligible for school activities demonstrates conformity as it aligns with the expectations set by the group (school) and the desire to conform to those expectations.Rate this question:
-
- 47.
Interaction in which individuals are forced to behave in a particular way. An example of this type of social interaction would be bank robbery victims who throw their hands in the air and give up their valuable possessions.
- A.
Social Exchange
- B.
Conformity
- C.
Coercion
- D.
Cooperation
Correct Answer
C. CoercionExplanation
Coercion is the correct answer because it refers to a situation where individuals are forced to behave in a particular way against their will. In the given example, the bank robbery victims are coerced into throwing their hands in the air and giving up their valuable possessions due to the threat or use of force by the robbers. Coercion involves the use of power or authority to control or manipulate others' behavior, often through the use of threats, intimidation, or physical force.Rate this question:
-
- 48.
Interaction in which individuals or groups combine their efforts to reach a goal. An example of this social interaction would be a two church groups who work together on building a house for Habitat for Humanity.
- A.
Conflict
- B.
Social Exchange
- C.
Cooperation
- D.
Conformity
Correct Answer
C. CooperationExplanation
Cooperation refers to the interaction in which individuals or groups combine their efforts to reach a goal. In the given example, two church groups are working together on building a house for Habitat for Humanity, demonstrating cooperation. They are pooling their resources, skills, and efforts to achieve a shared objective of providing housing for those in need. Cooperation involves collaboration, mutual support, and a willingness to work together towards a common goal, which is evident in this scenario.Rate this question:
-
- 49.
Chapter Seven Questions follow: Gabriel went into a restaraunt and demanded a massage (that's strange). He was adament about receiving his massage and would not leave until given one (that's strange). Well the staff at the restaraunt refused to do so (not so strange). Which of the following statements made by customers who were present is accurate?
- A.
"Wow, that guy should be arrested for breaking the law!"
- B.
"Wow, that guy just displayed some of the most deviant behavior I've ever witnessed!"
- C.
"Wow, my bill is extraordinarily high!"
Correct Answer
B. "Wow, that guy just displayed some of the most deviant behavior I've ever witnessed!"Explanation
The correct answer is "Wow, that guy just displayed some of the most deviant behavior I've ever witnessed!" because Gabriel's demand for a massage in a restaurant is unusual and not socially acceptable behavior.Rate this question:
-
- 50.
Lisa is a cutter. She gets upset and will cut herself with a razor, not enough to bleed to death mind you, but enough to leave scars. This is an example of ______________
- A.
Deviance
- B.
Silliness
- C.
I can't even begin to explain it
Correct Answer
A. DevianceExplanation
This scenario describes an example of deviance. Deviance refers to behavior that goes against societal norms or expectations. In this case, Lisa's act of cutting herself with a razor is considered deviant because it is not a socially accepted or approved behavior. It goes against the norm of self-preservation and can be seen as a form of self-harm.Rate this question:
-
Quiz Review Timeline +
Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.
-
Current Version
-
Mar 20, 2023Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
May 27, 2011Quiz Created by
Overlagary
Back to top