Culture And Social Interaction Quiz Questions
Your studies of the patterns of relationships, culture and social interaction have all led you to this point in your quest for knowledge about society and its associated sciences. Has it been worth it? Let’s find out!
- 1.
Which of the following concepts refers to people who interact in a defined territory and share culture?
- A.
Culture
- B.
Society
- C.
Nation
- D.
State
Correct Answer
B. SocietyExplanation
Society refers to a group of individuals who interact with one another within a specific territory and share a common culture. It encompasses the social relationships, norms, values, and institutions that shape the behavior and interactions of its members. While culture refers to the shared beliefs, customs, and practices of a group, society encompasses the broader social structure in which culture exists. Nation and state, on the other hand, refer to political entities and governance systems rather than the social interactions and cultural aspects of a group.Rate this question:
-
- 2.
Gerhard Lenski claimed that which of the following has the greatest power to shape a society?
- A.
Technology
- B.
Social conflict
- C.
Human ideas
- D.
Human desire for change
Correct Answer
A. TechnologyExplanation
Technology has the greatest power to shape a society according to Gerhard Lenski. This is because advancements in technology can greatly impact various aspects of society, such as communication, economy, and culture. Technological developments can change the way people interact, work, and live, leading to significant transformations in social structures and norms. Additionally, technology can also influence other factors like social conflict, human ideas, and the desire for change, making it a powerful force in shaping societies.Rate this question:
-
- 3.
The Roman Empire at its peak power was what type of society?
- A.
Hunting and gathering
- B.
Horticultural and pastoral
- C.
Agrarian
- D.
Industrial
Correct Answer
C. AgrarianExplanation
The Roman Empire at its peak power was an agrarian society. This means that the economy and society were primarily based on agriculture, with the majority of the population engaged in farming and the cultivation of crops. Agriculture was the main source of food and income, and it played a crucial role in sustaining the empire's population and supporting its military and economic activities. The Roman Empire had a vast network of farms, estates, and agricultural infrastructure, which allowed it to produce and distribute food on a large scale.Rate this question:
-
- 4.
Karl Marx believed that the industrial-capitalist system was:
- A.
Very productive
- B.
Concentrating wealth in the hands of a few.
- C.
Giving rise to two great classes: capitalists and proletarians
- D.
All of the above are correct
Correct Answer
D. All of the above are correctExplanation
Karl Marx believed that the industrial-capitalist system was very productive because it allowed for the mass production of goods and services. However, he also believed that this system concentrated wealth in the hands of a few individuals, leading to income inequality. Additionally, Marx argued that the industrial-capitalist system gave rise to two great classes: capitalists, who owned the means of production, and proletarians, who were the working class. Therefore, all of the above statements are correct according to Marx's beliefs.Rate this question:
-
- 5.
The driving force of social change, according to Marx, is:
- A.
Advancing technology
- B.
Social conflict between classes
- C.
Dominant ideas
- D.
The way in which society is held together
Correct Answer
B. Social conflict between classesExplanation
Marx believed that social change is driven by the conflict between different social classes. He argued that society is divided into two main classes - the bourgeoisie (owners of the means of production) and the proletariat (working class). The bourgeoisie exploits the proletariat for their own economic gain, creating a constant struggle and conflict between the two classes. Marx believed that this class conflict would eventually lead to a revolution by the proletariat, resulting in the overthrow of the bourgeoisie and the establishment of a classless society. Therefore, social conflict between classes is the driving force of social change according to Marx.Rate this question:
-
- 6.
How did Weber describe traditional societies?
- A.
People look open-mindedly to the future
- B.
People pass the same values and beliefs from generation to generation
- C.
People live in the present, paying littlee attention to the past or the future
- D.
People strive to be more and more productive
Correct Answer
B. People pass the same values and beliefs from generation to generationExplanation
Weber described traditional societies as ones where people pass the same values and beliefs from generation to generation. This means that in traditional societies, there is a strong emphasis on preserving and maintaining the cultural and societal norms that have been established over time. The focus is on continuity and stability, rather than on progress or change. This description suggests that traditional societies value tradition and the transmission of cultural knowledge and practices from one generation to the next.Rate this question:
-
- 7.
Looking over the long course of history, Durkheim claimed that societiees change as...............gives away to...............
- A.
Gesellschaft; Gemeinschaft
- B.
Individualism; collective conscience
- C.
Mechanical solodarity; organic solidarity
- D.
Organic solidarity; mechanical solidarity
Correct Answer
C. Mechanical solodarity; organic solidarityExplanation
Durkheim argued that societies change from a state of mechanical solidarity to a state of organic solidarity. Mechanical solidarity refers to a type of social cohesion where individuals are bound together by shared values, beliefs, and traditions. This type of solidarity is characteristic of traditional, pre-industrial societies. On the other hand, organic solidarity refers to a type of social cohesion where individuals are interdependent and connected through a complex division of labor. This type of solidarity is characteristic of modern, industrial societies. Durkheim believed that as societies evolve, they transition from mechanical solidarity to organic solidarity.Rate this question:
-
- 8.
What concepts refers to a person's fairly consistent pattern of acting, thinking, and feeling?
- A.
Socialization
- B.
Behavior
- C.
Human nature
- D.
Personality
Correct Answer
D. PersonalityExplanation
Personality refers to a person's fairly consistent pattern of acting, thinking, and feeling. It encompasses the unique combination of traits, behaviors, and characteristics that define an individual and distinguish them from others. Personality is believed to be influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, environment, and personal experiences. It plays a significant role in shaping how individuals perceive and interact with the world around them, as well as how they respond to different situations and challenges.Rate this question:
-
- 9.
If you were to put together the lesson learned from the cases of Anna, Isabelle, and Genie, you would correctly conclude that:
- A.
Social experience plays a crucial part in forming human personality.
- B.
Both social experience and the persence of the birth mother are crucial to early development
- C.
The effect of long-term social isolation can be overcome in a relatively short time.
- D.
All of the above are correct
Correct Answer
A. Social experience plays a crucial part in forming human personality.Explanation
The lesson learned from the cases of Anna, Isabelle, and Genie suggests that social experience plays a crucial part in forming human personality. These cases demonstrate the importance of social interaction and environmental influences in shaping an individual's development and personality. The lack of social experience in these cases resulted in severe developmental delays and hindered their ability to develop normal social skills. This highlights the significance of social interaction and the impact it has on human personality formation.Rate this question:
-
- 10.
Jean piaget's focus was on:
- A.
How children develop their motor skills.
- B.
How children are stimulated by their environment
- C.
The role of heredity in shaping human behavior
- D.
Cognition, or how people think and understand
Correct Answer
D. Cognition, or how people think and understandExplanation
Jean Piaget's focus was on cognition, or how people think and understand. He believed that children actively construct their own understanding of the world through their experiences and interactions. Piaget proposed that cognitive development occurs through a series of stages, with each stage building on the previous one. He emphasized the importance of children's ability to think, reason, and problem-solve, and how their thinking evolves as they mature. Piaget's theories have had a significant impact on our understanding of child development and continue to influence educational practices today.Rate this question:
-
- 11.
Carol Gilligan extended Kohlberg's research, showing that:
- A.
Girls and boys typically assess situations as right and wrong using different standards
- B.
Girls are more interested in right and wrong than boys are
- C.
Boys are more interested in right and wrong than girls are
- D.
The ability to assess situations as right and wrong typically develops only as young people enter the teenage years.
Correct Answer
A. Girls and boys typically assess situations as right and wrong using different standardsExplanation
Carol Gilligan's research extended Kohlberg's findings by demonstrating that girls and boys tend to evaluate situations as right or wrong based on different standards. This suggests that moral development may differ between genders, with girls and boys having distinct perspectives on what constitutes ethical behavior. This insight challenges the notion that there is a universal moral framework and highlights the importance of considering gender differences in understanding how individuals make moral judgments.Rate this question:
-
- 12.
According to Mead, children learn to take the role of the other as they model themseleves on important people in their lives =, such as parents. Mead referred to these people as:
- A.
Role models
- B.
Looking-glass models
- C.
Significant others
- D.
The generalized other
Correct Answer
C. Significant othersExplanation
According to Mead, children learn to take the role of the other by modeling themselves after important people in their lives, such as parents. Mead referred to these people as "significant others."Rate this question:
-
- 13.
In her research, Elisabeth Kubler-Ross found that death:
- A.
Is defined in much the same way in every society
- B.
Is an orderly transition involving specific stages
- C.
Is a topic that people in the United States have always been comfortable discussing
- D.
All of the above are correct
Correct Answer
B. Is an orderly transition involving specific stagesExplanation
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross conducted research on death and found that it is an orderly transition involving specific stages. This means that she discovered that the process of dying follows a pattern or sequence of stages, which may include denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. This finding suggests that death is not a random or chaotic event, but rather a structured process that individuals may go through when facing their own mortality. The other options provided in the question, such as death being defined similarly in every society or people in the United States being comfortable discussing death, are not supported by the information given.Rate this question:
-
- 14.
At a given time you occupy a number of statuses. These statuses make up your:
- A.
Master status
- B.
Role set
- C.
Achieved statuses
- D.
Status set
Correct Answer
D. Status setExplanation
The term "status set" refers to the collection of all the different statuses that an individual holds at a particular time. It includes both ascribed statuses (ones that are assigned at birth or based on characteristics beyond one's control) and achieved statuses (ones that are earned through personal effort or accomplishments). This concept recognizes that individuals occupy multiple statuses simultaneously, such as being a student, a sibling, and a friend, each with its own set of rights, duties, and expectations. The term "status set" encompasses the various roles and positions that a person occupies in society.Rate this question:
-
- 15.
What concept refers to a social position that is recieved at birth or involuntarily assumed later in life?
- A.
Passive role
- B.
Master status
- C.
Ascribed status
- D.
Achieved status
Correct Answer
C. Ascribed statusExplanation
An ascribed status refers to a social position that is received at birth or involuntarily assumed later in life. It is not something that an individual has control over or can choose. This concept recognizes that certain characteristics such as race, gender, and family background can determine a person's social position in society. Unlike achieved status, which is earned through individual effort or accomplishments, ascribed status is inherent and often shapes a person's opportunities and privileges in society.Rate this question:
-
- 16.
Which concept refers to a status that has special importance for social identity, often shaping a person's entire life?
- A.
Social status
- B.
Master status
- C.
Ascribed status
- D.
Achieved status
Correct Answer
B. Master statusExplanation
Master status refers to a status that has special importance for social identity, often shaping a person's entire life. It is a dominant status that overrides other statuses and influences how individuals are perceived by others. This status can be based on various factors such as occupation, race, gender, or disability. It has a significant impact on an individual's social interactions, opportunities, and overall life experiences.Rate this question:
-
- 17.
Sociologist use what concept to refer to behavior people expect of someone who holds a particular status?
- A.
Role
- B.
Master status
- C.
Status set
- D.
Role set
Correct Answer
A. RoleExplanation
Sociologists use the concept of "role" to refer to the behavior that people expect from someone who holds a particular status. Roles are the expected patterns of behavior associated with a particular social position or status in society. They guide individuals on how to act and what is expected of them based on their position or status. Roles help maintain social order and ensure that individuals fulfill their responsibilities and obligations within society.Rate this question:
-
- 18.
Which of the following is involved when a surgeon chooses not to operate on her own son because the personal involvement of motherhood could impair her professional objectivity as a physician?
- A.
Role conflict
- B.
Role strain
- C.
Role ambiguity
- D.
Role exit
Correct Answer
A. Role conflictExplanation
The correct answer is role conflict. Role conflict refers to a situation where an individual experiences tension or conflict between two or more roles they occupy. In this scenario, the surgeon is facing a conflict between her role as a mother and her role as a physician. She understands that her personal involvement as a mother could potentially cloud her professional judgment and compromise her objectivity as a physician. Therefore, she chooses not to operate on her own son to maintain her professional integrity.Rate this question:
-
- 19.
What is the term for the process by which people disengage from important social roles?
- A.
Role rejection
- B.
Role reversal
- C.
Role loss
- D.
Role exit
Correct Answer
D. Role exitExplanation
Role exit refers to the process by which individuals disengage from important social roles. It involves a transition or departure from a particular role, such as leaving a job, ending a relationship, or retiring from a position. Role exit can be a complex and challenging process, as individuals may experience a range of emotions and adjustments when they disengage from a role that has been significant in their lives. This term describes the process of disengagement rather than rejecting, reversing, or losing a role.Rate this question:
-
- 20.
The Thomas theorem states that:
- A.
A role is as a role does
- B.
People rise to their level of incompetence
- C.
Situations defined as real are real in their consequences
- D.
People know the world only through their language
Correct Answer
C. Situations defined as real are real in their consequencesExplanation
The correct answer is "situations defined as real are real in their consequences". This statement refers to the idea that the way individuals perceive and define a situation has real and tangible effects on their behavior and actions. In other words, if people believe a situation to be real, they will act as if it is real, and these actions will have actual consequences. This concept emphasizes the importance of subjective interpretations and the impact they have on shaping individuals' behaviors and the outcomes of their actions.Rate this question:
-
- 21.
What is the correct sociological term for all people with a common status, such as "college students"
- A.
A crowd
- B.
A group
- C.
A category
- D.
A network
Correct Answer
C. A categoryExplanation
The correct sociological term for all people with a common status, such as "college students," is a category. In sociology, a category refers to a group of people who share a common characteristic or status but may not necessarily interact with one another. In this case, college students share the common status of being enrolled in college, but they may not necessarily interact or form a cohesive group. Therefore, the term "category" accurately describes this sociological concept.Rate this question:
-
- 22.
A temporary, loosely formed collection of people who may or may not interact is a:
- A.
Crowd
- B.
Group
- C.
Category
- D.
Population
Correct Answer
A. CrowdExplanation
A crowd is a temporary gathering of people who may or may not interact with each other. It is a loosely formed collection where individuals come together for a specific purpose or event, such as a concert or protest. Unlike a group, which implies a more structured and cohesive unit with shared goals or characteristics, a crowd is a more fluid and transient assembly of individuals. Similarly, a category refers to a classification or grouping based on shared characteristics, while a population refers to the entire group of individuals within a specific area or demographic. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is crowd.Rate this question:
-
- 23.
Which of the following is every society's most important primary group?
- A.
The peer group
- B.
The work group
- C.
The family
- D.
The play group
Correct Answer
C. The familyExplanation
The family is considered every society's most important primary group because it plays a crucial role in socialization and the development of individuals. Families provide emotional support, teach values, norms, and cultural practices, and help individuals acquire important life skills. They also serve as a source of identity, belonging, and socialization into the larger society. Additionally, families are responsible for the reproduction and continuation of society, making them a fundamental institution in every society.Rate this question:
-
- 24.
What is the term for group leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks?
- A.
Democratic leadership
- B.
Authoritarian leadership
- C.
Expressive leadership
- D.
Instumental leadership
Correct Answer
D. Instumental leadershipExplanation
Instrumental leadership is the term for group leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks. This type of leadership focuses on setting clear goals, organizing and coordinating the efforts of the group members, and ensuring that tasks are completed efficiently and effectively. Instrumental leaders are often task-oriented, goal-focused, and have a strong focus on productivity and performance. They prioritize achieving objectives and meeting deadlines, and they may use various strategies to motivate and guide their team members towards task completion.Rate this question:
-
- 25.
What type of leaders downplay their own power, letting the group function more or less on its own?
- A.
Authoritarian leaders
- B.
Democratic leaders
- C.
Laissez-faire leaders
- D.
Instrumental leaders
Correct Answer
C. Laissez-faire leadersExplanation
Laissez-faire leaders downplay their own power and allow the group to function independently. They provide minimal guidance or direction, giving the group members the freedom to make their own decisions and take responsibility for their actions. This leadership style is characterized by a hands-off approach, where the leader trusts the abilities and expertise of the group members. Laissez-faire leaders believe in empowering their team and promoting autonomy, which can be effective in certain situations where the group is highly skilled and self-motivated.Rate this question:
-
- 26.
Solomon Asch's research, in which subjects were asked to match lines, showed:
- A.
People seek out friends with whom they tend to agree
- B.
People defined as "leaders" have great power over their subjects
- C.
People tend to see most things differently
- D.
Group membership has the power to generate conformity
Correct Answer
D. Group membership has the power to generate conformityExplanation
Solomon Asch's research demonstrated that group membership has the power to generate conformity. This means that individuals are more likely to conform to the opinions or behaviors of a group, even if they personally disagree. Asch's study involved participants matching lines, and he found that when the rest of the group intentionally gave incorrect answers, many participants went along with the group consensus, even though they could clearly see that the answers were wrong. This highlights the influence of group membership and the tendency for individuals to conform to the majority opinion or behavior.Rate this question:
-
- 27.
If your a prisoner, a maximum -security prison would be which of the following types of organization from your point of view?
- A.
A normative-organization
- B.
A coercive organization
- C.
A utilitarian organization
- D.
A voluntary organization
Correct Answer
B. A coercive organizationExplanation
A maximum-security prison would be considered a coercive organization from the point of view of a prisoner. This is because the prison exerts control and authority over the inmates through strict rules, regulations, and punishment. The prisoners are not there voluntarily and have limited freedom and autonomy. The coercive nature of the organization is evident in the use of force, confinement, and surveillance to maintain order and control within the prison.Rate this question:
-
- 28.
Read the four statement below. which one of these statements about stratification is NOT true?
- A.
Social stratification is a trait of society
- B.
Social stratification is universal and also variable.
- C.
A family's social standing typically changes a great deal from generation to generation
- D.
Social stratification is a matter of inequality and also beliefs about why people should be unequal
Correct Answer
C. A family's social standing typically changes a great deal from generation to generationExplanation
The statement that is not true is "A family's social standing typically changes a great deal from generation to generation." Social stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups in a society based on various factors such as wealth, occupation, and social status. While social standing can change within a family, it is not typically expected to change significantly from generation to generation. In most cases, social standing tends to be relatively stable and is often passed down from parents to children.Rate this question:
-
- 29.
A caste system is defined as:
- A.
Social stratification based on ascription or birth
- B.
Social stratification based on personal achievement
- C.
A meritocracy
- D.
Any social system in which categories of people are unequal
Correct Answer
A. Social stratification based on ascription or birthExplanation
The correct answer is "social stratification based on ascription or birth." A caste system is a social system in which individuals are assigned to a particular social group or caste based on their birth or ascribed characteristics such as family background, occupation, or ethnicity. This system determines an individual's social status, opportunities, and privileges, often leading to unequal treatment and limited social mobility.Rate this question:
-
- 30.
If you were born into a traditional caste system, you would expect that, based on birth, you would be:
- A.
Raised to do a certain type of job.
- B.
Required to marry someone of your own social category
- C.
Encouraged to socialize with other people within your own category
- D.
All of the above are correct
Correct Answer
D. All of the above are correctExplanation
In a traditional caste system, individuals are born into a specific social category or caste, which determines various aspects of their lives. This includes the type of job they are expected to do, as they are raised to fulfill certain roles based on their caste. Additionally, individuals are usually required to marry someone from their own social category to maintain caste purity and social status. Finally, socializing with others within their own caste is encouraged to preserve social boundaries and maintain the hierarchical structure of the caste system. Therefore, all of the given statements are correct in the context of a traditional caste system.Rate this question:
-
- 31.
The historical replacement of caste systems with class systems:
- A.
Brings an end to most social inequality
- B.
Replaces one kind of inequality with another
- C.
Means that individuals experience less social mobility
- D.
Means that categories of people become more clearly unequal
Correct Answer
B. Replaces one kind of inequality with anotherExplanation
The historical replacement of caste systems with class systems replaces one kind of inequality with another. This suggests that although the caste system may have been abolished, social inequality still exists in the form of class distinctions. The transition from caste to class may result in a different set of social hierarchies and divisions, but it does not necessarily eliminate inequality altogether.Rate this question:
-
- 32.
A college professor with advanced degrees, moderate salary, and little power to shape national events can be described as having:
- A.
High status consistency
- B.
Horizontal social mobility
- C.
Downward social mobility
- D.
Low status consistency
Correct Answer
D. Low status consistencyExplanation
A college professor with advanced degrees, moderate salary, and little power to shape national events can be described as having low status consistency. This means that the professor's position and level of authority do not align with their educational qualifications and income. Despite having advanced degrees, their lack of power and influence in shaping national events suggests that their social status is not consistent with their educational and financial achievements.Rate this question:
-
- 33.
At lowest level of social stratification in ancient Japan were the:
- A.
Shogun
- B.
Burakumin or ''outcasts''
- C.
Samurai or ''warriors''
- D.
Shudra
Correct Answer
B. Burakumin or ''outcasts''Explanation
In ancient Japan, the lowest level of social stratification was occupied by the burakumin or "outcasts". These individuals were considered impure and were socially marginalized due to their association with occupations such as butchery, leatherwork, and executioners. They faced discrimination and were often excluded from mainstream society, living in segregated communities. This social hierarchy placed the burakumin at the bottom, below even the samurai or "warriors" and shudra, reflecting the deep-rooted prejudice and social inequality prevalent in ancient Japanese society.Rate this question:
-
- 34.
According to Davis-Moore thesis;
- A.
Equality is functional for society
- B.
The more inequality a society has, the more productive it is
- C.
More important jobs must provide enough rewards to attract the talent necessary to perform them
- D.
Meritocracy is less productive than a caste system
Correct Answer
C. More important jobs must provide enough rewards to attract the talent necessary to perform themExplanation
The Davis-Moore thesis argues that in order to attract individuals with the necessary skills and abilities to perform important jobs, these positions must offer sufficient rewards. This is because individuals with high levels of talent and expertise are more likely to be motivated to pursue and excel in these roles if they are rewarded appropriately. The thesis suggests that this unequal distribution of rewards based on job importance is necessary for the overall functioning and productivity of society.Rate this question:
-
- 35.
Which of the following concepts refers to ''the recognized violation of cultural norms''
- A.
Deviance
- B.
Crime
- C.
Legal infraction
- D.
Juvenile delinquency
Correct Answer
A. DevianceExplanation
Deviance refers to the recognized violation of cultural norms. It is a concept that encompasses behaviors, actions, or characteristics that are considered to be outside the accepted societal norms. Deviance can vary across cultures and societies, as what may be considered deviant in one culture may not be in another. It can include a wide range of behaviors, such as criminal activities, nonconformity to social norms, or even unconventional beliefs or lifestyles. Deviance is a broader concept than crime, legal infraction, or juvenile delinquency, as it encompasses a wider range of behaviors that are considered socially unacceptable.Rate this question:
-
- 36.
Walter Reckless and Simon Dinitz claimed that ''good boys'' have the ability to rein in deviant impluses. They called their analysis:
- A.
Differential opportunity theory
- B.
Containment theory
- C.
Libido theory
- D.
Differential association theory
Correct Answer
B. Containment theoryExplanation
Containment theory, as proposed by Walter Reckless and Simon Dinitz, suggests that individuals who are considered "good boys" possess internal and external factors that help them resist deviant impulses. These individuals have a strong sense of self-control, a positive self-concept, and effective coping mechanisms, which act as containment factors against engaging in delinquent behavior. The theory emphasizes the importance of social and psychological factors in preventing individuals from succumbing to deviant temptations and maintaining conformity to societal norms.Rate this question:
-
- 37.
Using Robert Merton's strain theory, how would you classify a low-paid, yet compulsively conforming bank teller who never seems to want to get ahead but nevers seems to do anything wrong?
- A.
Innovator
- B.
Ritualist
- C.
Retreatist
- D.
Rebel
Correct Answer
B. RitualistExplanation
According to Robert Merton's strain theory, a ritualist is someone who accepts the goals of society but does not have the means or ability to achieve them. In this case, the low-paid bank teller is conforming to societal expectations and rules, but does not seem motivated to advance or succeed in their career. They may be content with their current position and not interested in pursuing higher-paid or higher-status positions. Therefore, the bank teller can be classified as a ritualist.Rate this question:
-
- 38.
Cloward and Ohlin extended the Merton's theory of deviance, stating that crime;
- A.
Reflects both limited legitimate opportunity as well as accessible illegitimate opportunity
- B.
Is more common among the rich who have more opportunity
- C.
Is defined in such ways as to overly criminalize the poor
- D.
Is typically a result of drug dependence or other substance addiction
Correct Answer
A. Reflects both limited legitimate opportunity as well as accessible illegitimate opportunityExplanation
Cloward and Ohlin extended Merton's theory by suggesting that crime is a result of both limited legitimate opportunities and accessible illegitimate opportunities. This means that individuals may turn to crime as a means to achieve their goals when they face limited options for legal success. Additionally, they argue that crime is not solely a problem of the poor, but can also be common among the rich who have more opportunities to engage in illegal activities. By considering both legitimate and illegitimate opportunities, Cloward and Ohlin provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that contribute to criminal behavior.Rate this question:
-
- 39.
Edwin Lemert described ''primary deviance'' as;
- A.
The most serious episodes of deviance
- B.
Actions that parents define as deviant
- C.
A passing episode of deviance that has little effect on the person's self-concept
- D.
The experience of deviance early in life
Correct Answer
C. A passing episode of deviance that has little effect on the person's self-conceptExplanation
Edwin Lemert described "primary deviance" as a passing episode of deviance that has little effect on the person's self-concept. This means that primary deviance refers to a temporary or isolated act of deviance that does not significantly impact how a person views themselves. It is a behavior that does not become a part of their identity or self-image.Rate this question:
-
- 40.
What concept did Erving Goffman use to refer to a powerful and negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity?
- A.
A deviant ritual
- B.
A degraduation ceremony
- C.
Stigmata
- D.
Stigma
Correct Answer
D. StigmaExplanation
Erving Goffman used the concept of stigma to refer to a powerful and negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity. Stigma is a mark of disgrace or shame that is associated with a particular characteristic or behavior, leading to the person being socially rejected or marginalized. It can have a profound impact on an individual's sense of self and their interactions with others, often resulting in discrimination and prejudice.Rate this question:
-
- 41.
Globalization of the economy means that:
- A.
World regions specialize in one sector of the economic activity
- B.
More and more products pass through several nations
- C.
A small number of businesses represent a large share of the planet's economic output
- D.
All of the above are correct
Correct Answer
C. A small number of businesses represent a large share of the planet's economic outputExplanation
Globalization of the economy refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of economies around the world. This can be seen in the fact that a small number of businesses represent a large share of the planet's economic output. These multinational corporations have operations in multiple countries and play a significant role in driving global economic growth. Additionally, globalization also involves the specialization of world regions in different sectors of economic activity and the movement of products across multiple nations. Therefore, all of the given options are correct explanations of globalization of the economy.Rate this question:
-
- 42.
In capitalist economic system, ''justice'' amounts to:
- A.
Doing what is best for society's poorest members
- B.
Everyone being more or less socially equal
- C.
Freedom of the marketplace where a person can follow self-interest
- D.
All of the above are correct
Correct Answer
C. Freedom of the marketplace where a person can follow self-interestExplanation
In a capitalist economic system, "justice" amounts to freedom of the marketplace where a person can follow self-interest. This means that individuals have the freedom to engage in economic activities according to their own interests and pursue profit. In capitalism, the market is seen as a mechanism for allocating resources and determining prices based on supply and demand. The belief is that this freedom leads to competition, innovation, and overall economic growth, benefiting society as a whole.Rate this question:
-
- 43.
Which of the following DO NOT descirbe the operation of a socialist economy?
- A.
Collective orientation
- B.
Government control of production
- C.
Laissez-faire economy
- D.
Command economy
Correct Answer
C. Laissez-faire economyExplanation
A socialist economy is characterized by collective orientation and government control of production, where the state plays a significant role in managing and regulating economic activities. In contrast, a laissez-faire economy promotes minimal government intervention and emphasizes free market principles, allowing businesses to operate without government interference. Therefore, a laissez-faire economy does not describe the operation of a socialist economy.Rate this question:
-
- 44.
Which if the following concepts refers to a politicak and economic system that combines a mostly market-based economy with extensive social welfare programs?
- A.
Capitalism
- B.
Socialism
- C.
Welfare capitalism
- D.
Communism
Correct Answer
C. Welfare capitalismExplanation
Welfare capitalism refers to a political and economic system that combines a mostly market-based economy with extensive social welfare programs. In this system, the government plays a role in providing social safety nets and supporting the well-being of its citizens through various social programs, such as healthcare, education, and unemployment benefits. This approach aims to balance the benefits of a market-based economy with the need for social protection and equality.Rate this question:
-
- 45.
Contrated to socialist economic systems, capitalist economic systems are typically:
- A.
Equally productive
- B.
More productive
- C.
Less productive
- D.
Not concerned with productivity
Correct Answer
B. More productiveExplanation
Capitalist economic systems are typically more productive compared to socialist economic systems. This is because capitalism encourages competition and private ownership, which incentivizes individuals and businesses to innovate, invest, and strive for efficiency. The profit motive drives productivity as it rewards successful enterprises and encourages the allocation of resources towards the most efficient and profitable sectors. In contrast, socialist systems often rely on centralized planning and state ownership, which can lead to inefficiencies, lack of competition, and less motivation for productivity.Rate this question:
-
- 46.
Concerning the issue of personal freedom, capitalist systems emphasize people's ................., while socialists systems emphasize people's.................
- A.
Collective needs; personal needs
- B.
Freedom form basic want; freedom to pursue their self-interest
- C.
Freedom to pursue their self-interest; freedom from basic want
- D.
Social needs; material needs
Correct Answer
C. Freedom to pursue their self-interest; freedom from basic wantExplanation
Capitalist systems emphasize people's freedom to pursue their self-interest, allowing individuals to make choices and decisions based on their own desires and goals. On the other hand, socialist systems prioritize people's freedom from basic want, aiming to provide for the basic needs of all individuals in society. This means ensuring access to essential resources such as food, shelter, healthcare, and education, so that everyone has a certain level of security and well-being.Rate this question:
-
- 47.
The concept ''primary labor market'' refers to:
- A.
Jobs that provide extensive benefits to workers
- B.
Jobs typically taken by teenagers
- C.
Jobs that require no particular training or experience
- D.
Jobs that offer little pay and loe security
Correct Answer
A. Jobs that provide extensive benefits to workersExplanation
The concept of the primary labor market refers to jobs that provide extensive benefits to workers. This means that these jobs offer not only a decent salary but also additional benefits such as health insurance, retirement plans, and paid time off. These jobs are typically more stable and secure, offering better job security and opportunities for advancement. Workers in the primary labor market often have higher skill levels and more experience, which allows them to access these higher-quality jobs.Rate this question:
-
- 48.
Read the four descriptions below. Which of them DOES NOT apply to a profession?
- A.
Having theoretical knowledge of a field
- B.
Working for a large, well-established company
- C.
Having authority over clients
- D.
Professing a community rather than individual orientation
Correct Answer
B. Working for a large, well-established companyExplanation
The description "working for a large, well-established company" does not apply to a profession because it is not a defining characteristic of a profession. Professions can exist in various settings, including small businesses, self-employment, or even non-profit organizations. The size or establishment of the company does not determine whether a person is in a profession or not.Rate this question:
-
- 49.
The concept ''oligopoly'' refers to:
- A.
Any corporation with more than $ 1 billion in sales
- B.
The largest company in a particular field
- C.
Domination of a market by a few companies
- D.
A large company operating in all three economic sectors
Correct Answer
C. Domination of a market by a few companiesExplanation
The concept of oligopoly refers to the domination of a market by a few companies. In an oligopoly, a small number of firms have significant control over the market, allowing them to influence prices and competition. These companies often have a strong market presence and can collectively dictate the market conditions. This is different from a monopoly, where a single company has complete control over the market, and from a perfect competition, where there are many small firms with no individual market power.Rate this question:
-
- 50.
In the United States, the Amish would be an example of a:
- A.
State church
- B.
Cult
- C.
Sect
- D.
All of the above are correct
Correct Answer
C. SectExplanation
The Amish in the United States are considered a sect. A sect is a religious group that has broken away from a larger religious organization, often due to differences in beliefs or practices. The Amish are known for their strict adherence to traditional customs and rejection of modern technology. They have distinct religious practices and live in close-knit communities separate from mainstream society. This classification as a sect distinguishes them from state churches, which are officially recognized by the government, and cults, which are typically characterized by manipulative or harmful practices.Rate this question:
-
Quiz Review Timeline +
Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.
-
Current Version
-
Sep 25, 2024Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
Apr 26, 2010Quiz Created by
Tchatman