1.
Isocrates, who was a Greek contemporary of Plato and Aristotle:
Correct Answer
B. Suffered from speaker anxiety and had a voice that would not project
Explanation
The correct answer suggests that Isocrates, despite being a contemporary of influential Greek philosophers, had speaker anxiety and a weak voice that could not project. This implies that his ability to speak effectively in public was hindered by these limitations. Therefore, he may have struggled to have a significant impact on the study of public speaking or establish a successful school of rhetoric.
2.
The belief that you are the only person experiencing nervousness is a characteristic of trait anxiety known as:
Correct Answer
A. Dissimilarity
Explanation
The belief that you are the only person experiencing nervousness is a characteristic of trait anxiety known as dissimilarity. This refers to the feeling of being different or separate from others in terms of experiencing anxiety or nervousness. It implies a sense of isolation and can contribute to heightened anxiety levels.
3.
The best time to distribute handouts is:
Correct Answer
B. After the speech
Explanation
Handouts are best distributed after the speech because distributing them before the speech may distract the audience from listening to the speaker. Distributing them during the speech can also be disruptive and may cause the audience to miss important points. Waiting until after the speech allows the audience to fully focus on the speaker's message and then receive the handouts as a supplementary material to review and reinforce the information presented. Distributing handouts as the next speaker begins speaking would also be distracting and could interrupt the flow of the event.
4.
What is the best way to prove to yourself that most nervousness is only minimally obvious to an audience?
Correct Answer
B. Videotape yourself giving a speech
Explanation
Videotaping yourself giving a speech is the best way to prove to yourself that most nervousness is only minimally obvious to an audience. By watching the recording, you can objectively observe your performance and see how your nervousness may or may not be noticeable to others. This allows you to gain a better understanding of how you come across to the audience and helps to alleviate any self-doubt or anxiety about being perceived as nervous.
5.
A speaker who worries that the audience knows more about his topic than he does is exhibiting the characteristic of trait anxiety known as:
Correct Answer
C. Subordinate status
Explanation
The correct answer is subordinate status. This trait anxiety refers to a speaker feeling inferior or less knowledgeable compared to the audience. The speaker may worry that the audience knows more about the topic, leading to feelings of insecurity and anxiety. This can affect their confidence and performance during the speech.
6.
A listener’s verbal, visual, and vocal responses to a speaker’s message are known as:
Correct Answer
C. The topic
Explanation
The correct answer is "the topic." When a listener responds verbally, visually, or vocally to a speaker's message, they are engaging with the content being discussed, which is known as the topic. The listener's frame of reference refers to their own personal experiences and beliefs that may influence their understanding of the message, while the speaker's frame of reference refers to the speaker's own perspective and background. The number of people in the audience is unrelated to the listener's responses to the message.
7.
All of the following are considered part of the speech environment except:
Correct Answer
C. The topic
Explanation
The speech environment includes factors such as the time of day, the location, and the number of people in the audience. These factors can affect the speaker's delivery and the audience's reception of the speech. However, the topic of the speech is not considered part of the speech environment. The topic refers to the subject matter or content of the speech, which may vary but does not directly impact the physical or situational aspects of the speech environment.
8.
When the speaker or listener is distracted by something in their environment, such as people talking, they are experiencing:
Correct Answer
C. External noise
Explanation
External noise refers to any distractions or disturbances in the environment that can affect communication. When the speaker or listener is distracted by people talking or any other external factors, it hampers their ability to effectively process and understand the message being conveyed. This can lead to miscommunication or misunderstanding. Therefore, the correct answer in this case is external noise.
9.
According to Gallup Poll surveys cited in the text, which of the following were rated highest in ethical standards in 2009?
Correct Answer
C. Nurses
Explanation
According to Gallup Poll surveys cited in the text, nurses were rated highest in ethical standards in 2009. This implies that nurses were perceived to have the highest level of integrity, honesty, and ethical conduct compared to journalists, stockbrokers, and insurance salespeople.
10.
Using someone else’s ideas without giving that person credit for the idea is known as:
Correct Answer
C. Plagiarism
Explanation
Plagiarism refers to the act of using someone else's ideas or work without giving them proper credit. It involves presenting someone else's work as your own, which is considered unethical and a violation of academic or professional integrity. It is important to acknowledge the original source and give credit to the original author to avoid plagiarism.
11.
A speaker’s credibility depends less on logical proof and more on:
Correct Answer
A. The listener's perception of the speaker
Explanation
A speaker's credibility depends less on logical proof and more on the listener's perception of the speaker. This means that how the listener views the speaker, their trustworthiness, expertise, and likability, plays a significant role in determining the speaker's credibility. Even if the speaker provides logical proof or supporting material, if the listener perceives them as untrustworthy or lacking expertise, their credibility will be diminished. Therefore, the listener's perception of the speaker is crucial in establishing credibility.
12.
In this stage of listening, listeners select or ignore one or more stimuli from the multitude of stimuli that continually bombard us.
Correct Answer
D. Receiving stage
Explanation
In the receiving stage of listening, listeners are actively selecting or ignoring stimuli from the various stimuli that are constantly being presented to them. This stage involves the initial process of taking in information through our senses and paying attention to certain stimuli while filtering out others. It is the first step in the listening process and sets the foundation for further interpretation and evaluation of the information received.
13.
During a presentation, a listener becomes aware of a conversation behind her when someone says something that sounds like her name. Her shifting attention to the conversation is an example of what stage of listening?
Correct Answer
B. Receiving
Explanation
The listener's shifting attention to the conversation behind her when she hears something that sounds like her name is an example of the receiving stage of listening. In this stage, the listener is actively taking in the auditory stimuli and becoming aware of the conversation happening around her. This stage involves the initial perception and registration of the sound and is the first step in the listening process.
14.
Which of the following is not a basic stage of listening?
Correct Answer
D. Observing
Explanation
Observing is not a basic stage of listening because listening primarily involves the process of receiving, interpreting, and evaluating information. Observing, on the other hand, refers to the act of visually perceiving or noticing something, which is not directly related to the act of listening. While observation can complement listening by providing additional information, it is not considered a core stage in the listening process.
15.
In this stage of listening, listeners supply meaning to the messages that they have seen, hear, and felt.
Correct Answer
A. Interpreting stage
Explanation
In the interpreting stage of listening, listeners are able to supply meaning to the messages they have received through their senses. This stage involves understanding and making sense of the information that has been seen, heard, and felt. It requires the listener to analyze and interpret the message in order to comprehend its meaning. This stage is crucial in the listening process as it allows the listener to derive understanding and make connections with the information being conveyed.
16.
The goal of this stage is to understand.
Correct Answer
D. Comprehend stage
Explanation
The given correct answer is "comprehend stage". In this stage, the goal is to understand the information or message being presented. This stage involves actively processing and making sense of the information, connecting it to prior knowledge, and gaining a deeper understanding of the content. It goes beyond simply receiving or interpreting the information and involves a higher level of cognitive processing.
17.
Misunderstandings occur in which stage of listening because listeners supply meaning to the messages they have sensed?
Correct Answer
B. Interpret stage
Explanation
In the interpret stage of listening, misunderstandings can occur because listeners supply their own meaning to the messages they have sensed. This happens when individuals interpret the information based on their own experiences, beliefs, and biases, which can lead to misinterpretation or miscommunication. It is important for listeners to be aware of this tendency and actively seek clarification or confirmation to ensure accurate understanding.
18.
Summarizing the speaker’s ideas in your own words is called:
Correct Answer
D. ParapHrasing
Explanation
Paraphrasing is the act of summarizing someone else's ideas in your own words. It involves restating the information in a different way while maintaining the original meaning. Plagiarizing refers to copying someone else's work without giving credit, establishing a reference is about citing the original source, and making an assumption involves drawing a conclusion without solid evidence. Therefore, the correct answer is paraphrasing.
19.
In this stage of listening, listeners judge the speaker and the message.
Correct Answer
C. Evaluating stage
Explanation
In the evaluating stage of listening, listeners assess and form opinions about the speaker and the message being delivered. This involves analyzing the credibility, expertise, and trustworthiness of the speaker, as well as critically evaluating the content and validity of the message. During this stage, listeners may also compare the information being presented with their existing knowledge or beliefs, and make judgments about the effectiveness or persuasiveness of the communication.
20.
Listener interpretation and evaluation often depend on the speaker’s:
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
Listener interpretation and evaluation often depend on the speaker's verbal code, which includes the words and language used. It also depends on the visual code, which includes non-verbal cues such as facial expressions, body language, and gestures. Additionally, the vocal code, which includes the tone, pitch, and volume of the speaker's voice, also influences listener interpretation and evaluation. Therefore, all three codes - verbal, visual, and vocal - play a role in how listeners interpret and evaluate a speaker's message.
21.
The following filters can affect the listener’s perception of the speaker:
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
Culture, gender, and technology can all affect the listener's perception of the speaker. Culture plays a significant role in shaping individuals' communication styles, values, and beliefs, which can influence how they interpret and understand the speaker's message. Gender also plays a role as societal expectations and stereotypes can impact how listeners perceive the credibility, authority, or competence of a speaker based on their gender. Additionally, technology can affect the listener's perception by altering the medium through which communication takes place, such as tone of voice, nonverbal cues, or the ability to convey emotions effectively. Therefore, all of these filters can impact how the listener perceives the speaker.
22.
The statement, “the project feels like a winner”, is an example of which form of the sensory channel?
Correct Answer
B. Kinesthetic channel
Explanation
The statement, "the project feels like a winner," suggests that the sensory experience associated with the project is related to the sense of touch or physical sensations. This aligns with the kinesthetic channel, which involves bodily sensations and movements. The use of the word "feels" in the statement further supports this interpretation.
23.
Which of the following is most likely to motivate an audience to continue to listen?
Correct Answer
C. A statement about how the audience is likely to benefit from this information
Explanation
A statement about how the audience is likely to benefit from this information is most likely to motivate an audience to continue to listen. By highlighting the potential benefits that the audience can gain, it creates a personal connection and incentive for them to stay engaged and interested in the topic. This statement appeals to the audience's self-interest and shows them that the information being presented is relevant and valuable to them.
24.
To maximize listener’ understanding in the comprehend stage, you can try
Correct Answer
B. To carefully analyse your audience
Explanation
To maximize listener understanding in the comprehend stage, it is important to carefully analyze your audience. By understanding your audience's background, knowledge, and communication preferences, you can tailor your message to effectively convey information and minimize misunderstandings. Preparing for possible misunderstandings is also helpful, but it is the careful analysis of the audience that allows you to adapt your communication style and ensure better comprehension. Increasing speaking rate may actually hinder understanding as it can lead to confusion and difficulty in processing information.
25.
According to research, the best speaking rate to stimulate audience listening is:
Correct Answer
C. 275-300 words per minute
Explanation
Research has shown that the best speaking rate to stimulate audience listening is between 275-300 words per minute. This rate allows for a balance between speaking too slowly, which can lead to boredom and disengagement, and speaking too quickly, which can make it difficult for the audience to comprehend and process the information. Speaking at this rate ensures that the audience can follow along and understand the message effectively.
26.
According to research cited and pictured in the text, the visual and vocal codes account for ____ of the meaning of the message.
Correct Answer
C. 69%
Explanation
The research cited and pictured in the text indicates that the visual and vocal codes account for 69% of the meaning of the message. This means that a significant portion of the message's meaning is conveyed through non-verbal cues such as body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice. These non-verbal cues play a crucial role in communication and can greatly influence how a message is understood and interpreted by the receiver.
27.
All of the following are suggested as ways to enhance the credibility of your sources except:
Correct Answer
A. Use only sources with which your audience is already familiar
28.
Listeners mentally evade persuasive messages that cause them discomfort by:
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
Listeners mentally evade persuasive messages that cause them discomfort by deliberately misunderstanding the speaker's message, hearing only the parts of the message they can deal with comfortably, and changing the focus of the message so that it doesn't seem to apply to them. This means that when faced with persuasive messages that challenge their beliefs or values, listeners may engage in these strategies to avoid feeling uncomfortable or threatened. By doing so, they can maintain their existing beliefs and avoid cognitive dissonance.
29.
Listeners who sit perfectly still are:
Correct Answer
C. Daydreaming
Explanation
Listeners who sit perfectly still are daydreaming. When someone is daydreaming, they tend to be lost in their own thoughts and not fully engaged in the conversation or presentation. Sitting still can be a sign of disengagement and lack of attention. Therefore, daydreaming is the most fitting explanation for listeners who are sitting perfectly still.
30.
The process of listening has five primary stages: receiving, _______, interpreting, evaluation, and responding.
Correct Answer
A. Comprehend
Explanation
The process of listening involves five primary stages: receiving, interpreting, evaluation, and responding. In order to truly understand and comprehend what is being said, one must actively engage in the process of comprehending. This stage requires the listener to make sense of the information received, understand its meaning, and grasp the intended message. Without comprehending, the listener may not fully understand and be able to respond effectively.
31.
Research on memory has shown all of the following except:
Correct Answer
B. Even poorly designed visuals improve memory
Explanation
Research on memory has shown that even poorly designed visuals do not necessarily improve memory. In fact, poorly designed visuals may actually hinder memory retention. This suggests that the quality and design of visuals play a significant role in their effectiveness in enhancing memory.
32.
Audience recall is better when _____ visuals are used.
Correct Answer
C. Color
Explanation
The use of color in visuals enhances audience recall. Color is a powerful tool that can capture attention, evoke emotions, and aid in memory retention. When visuals are presented in color, they are more likely to grab the audience's attention and leave a lasting impression. This is because color adds vibrancy and interest to the visuals, making them more engaging and memorable for the audience.
33.
The color most remembered on visual aid is:
Correct Answer
D. Yellow
Explanation
Research suggests that yellow is the color that is most easily remembered on visual aids. This is because yellow is a highly visible and attention-grabbing color that stands out against most backgrounds. It is also associated with positivity and optimism, which may contribute to its memorability. Additionally, yellow is often used to highlight important information or draw attention to specific details, further enhancing its impact on memory. Therefore, yellow is the correct answer as the color most remembered on visual aids.
34.
A type of visual aid that makes speakers appear less prepared is a:
Correct Answer
A. Markerboard
Explanation
A markerboard is a type of visual aid that speakers can use to write and draw information during a presentation. Unlike objects, flipcharts, or handouts, markerboards allow speakers to dynamically and spontaneously present ideas, making them appear less prepared. They can easily add or erase content as needed, which can create a more interactive and engaging experience for the audience.
35.
A speaker gives a speech about how to distinguish antique jewelry from reproductions. The piece of jewelry that most clearly illustrates her point is obviously too small for the audience to see from the front of the room. What should the speaker do?
Correct Answer
B. She could make a larger model of the jewelry
Explanation
The speaker should make a larger model of the jewelry. This would allow the audience to see the details and characteristics that distinguish antique jewelry from reproductions. By creating a larger model, the speaker can provide a visual aid that enhances the understanding and clarity of her speech.
36.
Which of the following handouts would be most appropriately distributed before or during a speech?
Correct Answer
D. A diagram showing how to fold a piece of paper to create an origami bird along with the speaker
Explanation
A diagram showing how to fold a piece of paper to create an origami bird would be most appropriately distributed before or during a speech because it provides visual instructions that can be followed along with the speaker's demonstration. This handout would enhance the audience's understanding and engagement with the speech topic, allowing them to actively participate and practice the origami folding technique.
37.
All of the following types of visuals work well with audiences of 50 or more except:
Correct Answer
A. Posters
Explanation
Posters are not suitable for audiences of 50 or more because they are typically designed to be viewed from a close distance, making it difficult for a large audience to see the details. On the other hand, slides, transparencies, and LCD panels are more suitable for larger audiences as they can be projected onto a screen or display that can be easily seen by everyone.
38.
Visual aids that normally include only printed words are called:
Correct Answer
C. Text visuals
Explanation
Text visuals are visual aids that primarily consist of printed words. These visuals are designed to convey information through the use of text, such as bullet points, headings, or captions. Unlike graphic visuals or picture visuals, which rely on images or illustrations, text visuals rely solely on written text to communicate ideas or concepts. Artistic visuals, on the other hand, typically involve the use of drawings, paintings, or other forms of visual art. Therefore, the term "text visuals" accurately describes visual aids that primarily use printed words to convey information.
39.
Visual aids such as maps, charts, graphs, and diagrams are called:
Correct Answer
A. GrapHic visuals
Explanation
Visual aids such as maps, charts, graphs, and diagrams are referred to as graphic visuals because they are primarily composed of graphical elements that help convey information visually. These visuals use symbols, colors, and shapes to represent data or concepts, making them easier to understand and interpret. Unlike picture visuals, which typically consist of actual images or photographs, graphic visuals are created using graphic design techniques and tools. Text visuals, on the other hand, focus primarily on textual information rather than graphical elements. Lastly, artistic visuals may refer to visuals created for aesthetic purposes rather than conveying specific information.
40.
Using the formula in the text, what is the maximum number of visuals suggested for a 10 min speech?
Correct Answer
C. 6
Explanation
The maximum number of visuals suggested for a 10-minute speech can be calculated using the formula mentioned in the text. Since the question does not provide the formula or any additional information, it is not possible to determine the correct answer or provide an explanation.
41.
An informative speech is meant to do all of the following except:
Correct Answer
D. Influence choices or opinions
Explanation
An informative speech is designed to provide information, educate, and enhance the audience's understanding of a particular topic. It aims to introduce the latest information about a topic, deepen the listener's knowledge of a complicated term, and aid the listener's mastery of a skill. However, influencing choices or opinions is not the purpose of an informative speech. Its primary goal is to present facts and objective information rather than persuade or sway the audience's beliefs or decisions.
42.
A speaker gave a speech about the effects of second-hand smoke. As a result, three audience members chose not to smoke when in the company of non-smoking friends. The speech would be best categorized as:
Correct Answer
C. Indirectly persuasive
Explanation
The speech would be best categorized as indirectly persuasive because it influenced the behavior of the audience members by making them choose not to smoke when in the company of non-smoking friends. Although the speaker provided information about the effects of second-hand smoke, the ultimate goal was to persuade the audience to change their behavior.
43.
Effective speakers do all of the following except:
Correct Answer
B. Distort facts on visual aids to prove a point
Explanation
Effective speakers strive to use tact and avoid distorting facts on visual aids in order to maintain the audience's trust and credibility. By presenting accurate information and avoiding exaggeration or embellishment, speakers can effectively communicate their ideas and ensure that the audience understands their message clearly. However, distorting facts on visual aids to prove a point can undermine the speaker's credibility and lead to a loss of trust from the audience. Therefore, this is something that effective speakers should not do.
44.
1. When practicing for a demonstration speech, you should add _______ on to your practice time.
Correct Answer
C. 1 minute
Explanation
When practicing for a demonstration speech, adding an extra minute to your practice time can be beneficial. This additional minute allows for more time to perfect your delivery, ensure smooth transitions, and address any unexpected issues that may arise during the demonstration. It also allows for a buffer in case the speech runs longer than anticipated. By adding this extra minute, you can increase your confidence and ensure that you are well-prepared for the actual demonstration.
45.
The focus of an informational speech is all of the following except:
Correct Answer
A. Aiding in the mastery of a skill
Explanation
An informational speech aims to provide knowledge and understanding about a specific topic or concept. It focuses on increasing awareness, promoting understanding of difficult concepts, and promoting understanding of unfamiliar terms. However, aiding in the mastery of a skill is not a focus of an informational speech. Instead, it is more commonly associated with instructional or demonstrative speeches, where the main goal is to teach and help individuals acquire or improve a particular skill.
46.
A speaker gives a speech about how to take better vacation photographs. The main points of the speech are what equipment to use, how to compose a shot involving only landscape, and how to compose a shot including people. The speaker’s visuals include two different kinds of cameras, several lenses, and several enlarged photographs on transparencies, which show good and bad examples of composition. This speech is best categorized as:
Correct Answer
A. Informational
Explanation
The given speech about how to take better vacation photographs focuses on providing information and educating the audience about the equipment to use and different techniques for composing shots involving landscapes and people. The speaker's visuals, such as cameras, lenses, and enlarged photographs, serve as examples to illustrate the information being presented. Therefore, this speech is best categorized as informational, as its main purpose is to inform and educate the audience rather than persuade or demonstrate.
47.
According to the text, a narration or story has two important qualities:
Correct Answer
B. Probability and fidelity
Explanation
According to the text, a narration or story should have the qualities of probability and fidelity. This means that the story should be believable and realistic (probability) and should accurately represent the events or experiences it is depicting (fidelity). These qualities ensure that the story is engaging and credible for the audience.
48.
The first step in preparing an informative speech should be
Correct Answer
D. Analyze the auduence
Explanation
Before preparing an informative speech, it is important to analyze the audience. This step allows the speaker to understand the needs, interests, and knowledge level of the audience. By analyzing the audience, the speaker can tailor the speech to effectively communicate the information and engage the listeners. It helps in determining the appropriate tone, language, and examples to use in the speech. Analyzing the audience also helps in identifying any potential biases or preconceptions that need to be addressed. Overall, analyzing the audience ensures that the speech is relevant, impactful, and meets the needs of the listeners.
49.
When analyzing the audience, you should try to find out these things except
Correct Answer
D. What they have been doing before your presentation
Explanation
When analyzing the audience, it is important to consider their demographics, attitudes, beliefs or values, and their level of interest or engagement (friendly, neutral, uninterested, hostile). However, what they have been doing before your presentation is not relevant to understanding their characteristics or preferences. Therefore, this information is not necessary to find out when analyzing the audience.
50.
Which is NOT a preparation step for informative speaking?
Correct Answer
D. Memorize speech
Explanation
Memorizing the speech is not a preparation step for informative speaking. Informative speaking focuses on delivering information to the audience in a clear and effective manner. While it is important to be familiar with the content and structure of the speech, memorizing it word for word can hinder the speaker's ability to engage with the audience and adapt to their reactions. Instead, informative speakers should focus on researching the topic, analyzing the potential audience, and preparing the speech with supporting evidence and visual aids.