Step High- May Nes Asm E-test

Amlodipine acts directly on vascular smooth muscles to reduce peripheral resistance. This medication is a calcium channel blocker that inhibits the influx of calcium ions into the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. By doing so, it relaxes and widens the blood vessels, leading to a reduction in peripheral resistance. This ultimately helps to lower blood pressure and improve blood flow.

The correct answer is "Sustained increase in SBP/DBP >140/90mmHg". This means that hypertension is defined as a consistent and prolonged elevation in both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) above the threshold of 140/90mmHg. This sustained increase in blood pressure indicates high blood pressure, which can have detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system if left uncontrolled.

According to JNC (Joint National Committee) guidelines, a prehypertensive patient is defined as having a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ranging from 120-139 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ranging from 80-89 mmHg. This range indicates that the patient's blood pressure is elevated but not yet in the hypertensive range. Therefore, the correct answer is SBP 120-139 & DBP 80-89mmHg.

Losartan and Telmisartan are examples of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) used for treating hypertension. ARBs work by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict, resulting in increased blood pressure. By blocking the effects of angiotensin II, ARBs help to relax and widen blood vessels, reducing blood pressure. Losartan and Telmisartan are commonly prescribed ARBs and are effective in managing hypertension.

Chlorthalidone is superior to Amlodipine in preventing heart failure because it is a diuretic that helps to reduce fluid buildup in the body, thus decreasing the workload on the heart. Amlodipine, on the other hand, is a calcium channel blocker that primarily works by relaxing and widening the blood vessels to improve blood flow. While Amlodipine may be effective in managing other cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension and angina, Chlorthalidone specifically targets heart failure prevention due to its diuretic properties.

Chlorthalidone is a diuretic medication that helps to lower blood pressure and reduce fluid buildup in the body. It is commonly used to prevent and manage conditions such as stroke and heart failure. Lisinopril, on the other hand, is an ACE inhibitor that also helps to lower blood pressure, but it may not be as effective as chlorthalidone in preventing stroke and heart failure. Therefore, chlorthalidone is a better choice for preventing these specific conditions compared to lisinopril.

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The correct answer is "Trial of Antihypertensive Intervention Management." This is the full form of TAIM study.

The correct answer is "Antihypertensive & Lipid lowering to prevent Heart Attack trial". This is the full form of ALLHAT, which is a clinical trial that aimed to compare the effects of different antihypertensive drugs on cardiovascular outcomes. The trial focused on the prevention of heart attacks by lowering blood pressure and lipid levels.

According to the TAIM study, the percentage of erectile dysfunction problem with Beta blocker is 1%. This means that out of all the individuals who took Beta blockers, only 1% experienced erectile dysfunction as a side effect.

The UKPDS study involves middle-aged patients who are obese or overweight and have type II diabetes and hypertension. This study focuses on this specific group of patients to understand the effects of different treatment strategies on their long-term outcomes. The study aims to provide valuable insights into the management and prevention of complications in this particular patient population.

The correct answer is CV events related to Diabetes. The UKPDS study found that Atenolol, a medication used to treat high blood pressure, can significantly reduce cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes. This includes reducing the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular complications that are commonly associated with diabetes. Atenolol does not have a significant impact on dyslipidemia (abnormal lipid levels), angina pectoris (chest pain), or kidney disease.

Amlodipine belongs to the class of drugs known as dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. These drugs work by blocking the entry of calcium into the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, leading to relaxation and dilation of the blood vessels. This helps to lower blood pressure and improve blood flow. Amlodipine is commonly used to treat high blood pressure and angina (chest pain).

The correct answer is 42418 because it is the only option provided that matches the number given in the question.

The European Respiratory Society in 2011 recommended the use of Megamox CV for the management of LRTI (Lower Respiratory Tract Infection). This indicates that Megamox CV is considered effective and appropriate for treating infections in the lower respiratory tract, such as bronchitis or pneumonia.

Peripheral resistance refers to the pressure exerted by the walls of arteries on the blood. As blood flows through the arteries, the resistance encountered by the blood vessels' walls can affect the blood pressure. This resistance is determined by factors such as the diameter of the blood vessels, the viscosity of the blood, and the length of the blood vessels. Therefore, the correct answer is "Pressure exerted by the walls of arteries on the blood."

Atenolol has often been used as a reference drug, as stated by The Lancet. The Lancet is a reputable medical journal that publishes peer-reviewed research articles. Therefore, the information provided in The Lancet can be considered reliable and trustworthy.

The Cruickshank et al study found that mortality due to stroke was reduced by 50%.

Middle Ear Effusion refers to the accumulation of fluid in the middle ear. This condition occurs when the Eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the back of the throat, becomes blocked or dysfunctional. The fluid buildup can result from various causes such as allergies, colds, sinus infections, or changes in air pressure. Middle Ear Effusion can cause symptoms like ear pain, hearing loss, a feeling of fullness in the ear, and sometimes even infection. Treatment options may include medications, such as decongestants or antibiotics, or in some cases, surgical intervention may be required to drain the fluid.

Lisinopril has been discontinued due to increased heart failure in the JAMA & BMJ study.