1.
What index does the research center use for patients using a tartar control toothpaste for 6 lower anterior teeth?
Correct Answer
B. Volpe-Manhold Calculus Index
Explanation
The Volpe-Manhold Calculus Index is used by the research center to assess the amount of calculus (tartar) on the 6 lower anterior teeth of patients using a tartar control toothpaste. This index specifically focuses on measuring the presence and severity of calculus, providing a standardized method for evaluating the effectiveness of tartar control toothpaste in reducing calculus formation.
2.
The "e" in the def index stands for indicated for extraction. If a patient has teeth indicated for extraction for orthodontics, are they included in this index?
Correct Answer
B. No
Explanation
The "e" in the def index stands for indicated for extraction. If a patient has teeth indicated for extraction for orthodontics, it means that those teeth are recommended to be removed as part of the orthodontic treatment. Therefore, they would not be included in the index, as the index is used to assess the need for extraction of teeth due to factors other than orthodontics.
3.
In the DMF caries index for teeth and tooth surfaces, are 3rd molars included if they are decayed, missing, or filled?
Correct Answer
B. No
Explanation
The DMF caries index includes only permanent teeth (excluding third molars) that are decayed, missing, or filled. Third molars are not included in the index because they are not considered to be part of the standard dentition and are often extracted due to various reasons. Therefore, the correct answer is "No."
4.
What kind of decay is the DMFT & S signifying?
Correct Answer
A. Irreversible decay
Explanation
The DMFT & S signifying irreversible decay means that the decay process is permanent and cannot be reversed. This implies that once the decay occurs, it cannot be undone or repaired. Irreversible decay often leads to further deterioration and damage, making it essential to address and treat the decay as soon as possible to prevent further complications.
5.
If you were doing a plaque index with debri for a group of preschool children, which one would you use?
Correct Answer
C. OHI-S
Explanation
The correct answer is OHI-S. OHI-S stands for Oral Hygiene Index - Simplified, which is a method used to assess the oral hygiene status of individuals. It involves scoring the amount of debris (plaque) present on selected teeth surfaces. Since the question specifically mentions doing a plaque index with debris for preschool children, OHI-S would be the most appropriate choice as it is a simplified index that is commonly used for children. The other options, Pl I and PHP, are not mentioned in the question and do not pertain to assessing plaque index.
6.
Which index would you use for a group of elderly patients in a nursing home?
Correct Answer
D. Root Caries Index
Explanation
The Root Caries Index would be the most appropriate index to use for a group of elderly patients in a nursing home. Root caries refers to the decay that occurs on the root surfaces of teeth, which is more common in older adults due to gum recession and exposed root surfaces. Therefore, using the Root Caries Index would help assess and monitor the prevalence and severity of root caries in this specific population.
7.
An epidemic is a disease occurring over a wide geographic area and affecting a high proportion of the population.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
A pandemic is
8.
An endemic is an occurrence of disease clealy in excess of normal expectancy.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
an epidemic
9.
In measuring the reliability of a measurement, an intraexaminer or intrarater reliability is consistency of findings by one examiner with those previously recorded by the same examiner.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement is true because intraexaminer or intrarater reliability refers to the consistency of measurements or findings made by the same examiner or rater over multiple occasions. It is a measure of how reliable or consistent the examiner's measurements or ratings are when repeated. If the examiner consistently obtains similar results or ratings each time, then the intraexaminer or intrarater reliability is high. This indicates that the examiner's measurements or ratings are reliable and consistent.
10.
What is a proportion that uses a standard denominator and includes a time interval (1,000, 10,000, or 100,000 per year)?
Correct Answer
A. Rates
Explanation
A rate is a proportion that uses a standard denominator and includes a time interval (such as per year). It represents the relationship between two quantities measured in different units. Rates are commonly used to compare or express the frequency or occurrence of an event or phenomenon over a specific period of time.
11.
Recurrent caries fall under which category?
Correct Answer
A. Decayed
Explanation
Recurrent caries refers to the development of new cavities around existing dental restorations. These cavities occur due to the breakdown of the tooth structure or the restoration material, leading to decay. Therefore, recurrent caries are categorized as "Decayed" because they represent new areas of tooth decay that require treatment.
12.
Root caries can fall under the Decayed portion of the DMFT index.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Root caries cannot fall under the Decayed portion of the DMFT index because the DMFT index specifically refers to dental caries in the permanent dentition, which excludes root caries. Root caries are a type of dental decay that occurs on the root surface of teeth, typically in older adults with receding gums or periodontal disease. Therefore, root caries would be categorized separately from the Decayed portion of the DMFT index.
13.
You have a 9 year old patient with a mixed dentition. Which index would you use to calculate decay?
Correct Answer
C. Dmft
Explanation
In a 9-year-old patient with a mixed dentition, the dmft index would be used to calculate decay. The dmft index stands for decayed, missing, and filled teeth in the primary dentition. Since the patient has a mixed dentition, which includes both primary and permanent teeth, the dmft index is the appropriate choice for assessing decay in the primary teeth. The DMFT index is used to assess decay in permanent teeth, so it is not the correct choice in this case. The def index and DMFS index are not commonly used for calculating decay in this age group.
14.
Which index would you instruct your patient to use to calculate plaque control at home with disclosing solution or tablets?
Correct Answer
A. Plaque Control Record (O'Leary's)
Explanation
The correct index to use to calculate plaque control at home with disclosing solution or tablets is the Plaque Control Record (O'Leary's). This index is a measure of the amount of plaque present on the teeth and is calculated by staining the plaque with a disclosing solution or tablet and then assessing the amount of stained plaque on the teeth. It is a commonly used index to evaluate oral hygiene and plaque control.
15.
What is the name of the index that measures occlusion?
Correct Answer
C. Angle's
Explanation
Angle's index is a measurement used to assess occlusion, specifically the relationship between the upper and lower teeth. It measures the degree of malocclusion and helps determine the need for orthodontic treatment. O'Leary's, O'Sullivan's, and Dean's are not relevant to occlusion measurement.
16.
A 2.5 score on the Gingival Index indicates what?
Correct Answer
D. Poor
Explanation
A 2.5 score on the Gingival Index indicates poor oral health. The Gingival Index is used to assess the severity of gingivitis, which is inflammation of the gums. A score of 2.5 suggests a significant level of inflammation and poor gum health. It indicates that the individual may have red, swollen, and bleeding gums, which are signs of gingivitis. Proper oral hygiene practices and professional dental care are necessary to improve gum health and prevent further complications.
17.
Which index uses the WHO probe to calculate scores?
Correct Answer
D. Periodontal Screening and Recording Index
Explanation
The Periodontal Screening and Recording Index (PSR) uses the WHO probe to calculate scores. The PSR is a tool used to assess the periodontal health of an individual by measuring the depth of periodontal pockets and recording any bleeding or other signs of inflammation. The WHO probe is a specific type of dental instrument that is used to measure pocket depths and assess the severity of periodontal disease. Therefore, the PSR index is the correct answer for this question.
18.
Which index uses floss to calculate scores?
Correct Answer
C. Gingival Bleeding Index
Explanation
The Gingival Bleeding Index is the index that uses floss to calculate scores. This index is used to assess the presence and severity of gingival bleeding, which is an important indicator of gum health. By using floss, the index measures the amount of bleeding that occurs when the gums are gently probed. This helps in identifying and monitoring gum disease and allows for appropriate treatment planning.
19.
Which index is measured with bleeding on probing?
Correct Answer
B. Sulcus Bleeding Index
Explanation
The correct answer is Sulcus Bleeding Index. This index is used to measure bleeding on probing, which is an important indicator of periodontal disease. It assesses the presence and severity of bleeding from the gingival sulcus or pocket when gentle pressure is applied with a periodontal probe. This index helps in evaluating the level of inflammation and gingival health in a patient.
20.
Which index uses a stimudent to measure papillary bleeding?
Correct Answer
C. Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index
Explanation
The Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index uses a stimudent to measure papillary bleeding. This index is specifically designed to assess bleeding in the interdental papillae. It involves inserting a stimudent into the interdental space and assessing the presence or absence of bleeding. This index is commonly used in periodontal research and clinical practice to evaluate the severity of bleeding in the interdental areas.
21.
Which one does not indicate an asterisk on WHO probing on the Periodontal Screening & Recording Index?
Correct Answer
A. Indicated for extraction
Explanation
The term "indicated for extraction" does not indicate an asterisk on WHO probing on the Periodontal Screening & Recording Index. This means that this particular term is not used as a criteria or indication for probing and recording periodontal conditions.
22.
The gingival indexes are reversible, just like the disease itself.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement is true because gingival indexes, which measure the severity of gum disease, can improve or worsen depending on the individual's oral hygiene and treatment. When a person improves their oral hygiene habits and receives appropriate treatment, the gingival indexes can decrease, indicating a reversal of the disease. Conversely, if oral hygiene is neglected or treatment is not sought, the indexes can worsen, indicating a progression of the disease. Therefore, the reversible nature of gingival indexes reflects the reversible nature of gum disease itself.
23.
What is the agent when studying oral epidemiology?
Correct Answer
C. Disease
Explanation
When studying oral epidemiology, the focus is on the study of diseases related to the oral cavity. Therefore, the correct answer is "Disease".
24.
Oral epidemiology is the study of disease and health in populations.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Oral epidemiology is a field of study that focuses on investigating and understanding the patterns and determinants of oral diseases and overall oral health in populations. This includes examining the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and distribution of oral diseases and conditions within different population groups. By studying oral health at a population level, researchers can identify trends, develop preventive strategies, and improve public health interventions to promote better oral health outcomes for communities. Therefore, the statement that oral epidemiology is the study of disease and health in populations is true.
25.
The Greek word "edemos" means what?
Correct Answer
A. Native
Explanation
The Greek word "edemos" translates to "native".
26.
Morbidity is the rate of disease or proportion of diseased persons in a geographic area.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement accurately defines morbidity as the rate or proportion of diseased individuals in a specific geographic area. Therefore, the correct answer is true.
27.
Mortality is the proportion of people who live from a disease to the population of a geographic area for a period of time.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Mortality refers to the number of deaths caused by a disease within a specific population and time period, not the proportion of people who survive. Therefore, the statement is false.
28.
Morbidity is also known as the death rate in a population.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Mortality
29.
A count is a percentage method to measure oral disease.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Proportion
30.
Diagnosis of caries includes what criteria of measurement?
Correct Answer
D. .05mm
Explanation
The diagnosis of caries includes the measurement criteria of at least 5 mm of lost tooth structure at the enamel surface. The options provided (.5mm, .005mm, and .05mm) are measurements that are significantly smaller than the required 5 mm, making them incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is .05mm, as it meets the measurement criteria for diagnosing caries.
31.
The "S" in DMFS stands for what?
Correct Answer
B. Surfaces
Explanation
The "S" in DMFS stands for Surfaces because DMFS is an acronym used in dentistry to measure the number of decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces. This index helps dentists assess the overall oral health and treatment needs of a patient by counting the number of affected tooth surfaces.
32.
The "M" in DMFT stands for missing for what reason?
Correct Answer
B. Indicated for Extraction due to Caries
Explanation
The "M" in DMFT stands for "missing" because it indicates teeth that have been extracted due to caries. The DMFT index is used to measure the prevalence of dental caries in a population, and the "M" component represents the number of missing teeth due to caries. This indicates that the teeth have been extracted because of decay or cavities.
33.
Deciduous teeth indexes (def) can also be used to detect teeth and also surfaces with decay on deciduous teeth.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
you don't calculate surfaces for deciduous teeth
34.
A DMFT & S index can calculate the indication of the # of teeth at risk for decay.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Does not detect risk factors
35.
O'Leary's Plaque Index is good for calculating plaque accumulation for a group of people.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
indicated for one to one patient education
36.
What is the MOST COMMONLY used index to score plaque?
Correct Answer
B. PI I Plaque Index
Explanation
The PI I Plaque Index is the most commonly used index to score plaque. This index is widely used in dental research and clinical practice to assess the amount and distribution of plaque on teeth. It provides a standardized scoring system that allows for consistent evaluation of plaque levels and helps in monitoring oral hygiene and identifying areas that require improvement. The PI I Plaque Index is a valuable tool in assessing and managing oral health.
37.
The OHI-S (Oral Hygiene Index Simplified) measures supra and subgingival calculus.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
debri and supragingival calculus
38.
How many surfaces are used in measuring the Patient Hygiene Performance (pHP) index?
Correct Answer
C. 6
Explanation
The correct answer is 6. This means that there are six surfaces used in measuring the Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) index. The PHP index is a measurement of the cleanliness and hygiene of a patient's environment. By using six surfaces, healthcare professionals can assess the level of cleanliness and identify any potential areas that need improvement in order to maintain a safe and hygienic environment for patients.
39.
The pHP and OHI-S both use the 6 Ramjford teeth to calculate scores.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
use teeth 3, 8, 14, 19, 24, 30
40.
Which index do you use disclosing solution on the patient, but do not rinse?
Correct Answer
A. pHP
Explanation
The correct answer is PHP. PHP stands for Patient Hygiene Performance, which is an index used to disclose plaque on the patient's teeth. It is a visual aid that helps the dentist or hygienist identify areas of plaque buildup and assess the patient's oral hygiene habits. After applying the disclosing solution, it is not necessary to rinse it off in order to observe the plaque.
41.
The OHI-S Simplified Oral Hygiene Index measures what?
Correct Answer
D. Existing Plaque and Calculus on tooth surface
Explanation
The OHI-S Simplified Oral Hygiene Index measures the existing plaque and calculus on the tooth surface. It evaluates the amount of plaque and calculus present, which can indicate the level of oral hygiene and potential oral health issues.
42.
The pHP measures plaque and debri on tooth surfaces.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The given statement is true. PHP, which stands for Plaque and Debris Index, is a method used in dentistry to measure the amount of plaque and debris present on tooth surfaces. This index helps in assessing oral hygiene and identifying areas that require improved oral care. By measuring plaque and debris, dentists can determine the effectiveness of oral hygiene practices and provide appropriate recommendations for maintaining good oral health.
43.
The GI Gingival Index is also called what?
Correct Answer
A. Loe and Silness
Explanation
The correct answer is Loe and Silness. The GI Gingival Index is a method used to assess the severity of gingivitis. It was developed by Loe and Silness in 1963 and is based on the observation of certain clinical signs of inflammation, such as color, bleeding, and consistency of the gingiva. This index is widely used in dental research and clinical practice to evaluate the effectiveness of oral hygiene measures and periodontal treatments.
44.
The gingival index is measured by inflammation and bleeding on probing.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The gingival index is a measurement used to assess the level of inflammation and bleeding in the gums. It is a tool commonly used by dentists and dental hygienists to evaluate the health of the gingiva. Inflammation and bleeding on probing are key indicators of gingival inflammation, which can be caused by factors such as poor oral hygiene, gum disease, or certain systemic conditions. Therefore, it is correct to say that the gingival index is measured by inflammation and bleeding on probing.
45.
Bleeding indexes indicate a 0 for no bleeding and a 1 for bleeding.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement is true because bleeding indexes typically use a binary system where a 0 indicates no bleeding and a 1 indicates bleeding. This system allows for a clear and simple way to record and track instances of bleeding, making it easier for healthcare professionals to assess and monitor the severity of bleeding in patients.
46.
What are the Ramjford Teeth?
Correct Answer
C. 3, 9, 12, 19, 25, 28
47.
The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment needs measures teeth in sextants.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment (CPITN) is a tool used to assess and measure the periodontal health of a population. It is divided into sextants, which are sections of the mouth that include specific teeth. By measuring teeth in sextants, the CPITN can provide a comprehensive evaluation of the periodontal condition in different areas of the mouth. Therefore, the statement that the CPITN measures teeth in sextants is true.
48.
The CPITN is the most common index used for periodontal screenings.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
LPA and CPI
49.
What is the most common index for plaque in clinical research trials?
Correct Answer
D. Turesky Modification of the Quigley Hein
Explanation
The Turesky Modification of the Quigley Hein index is the most common index for plaque in clinical research trials. This index is a widely used method for measuring and quantifying dental plaque accumulation on tooth surfaces. It takes into account the presence, thickness, and location of plaque on the teeth, providing a comprehensive assessment of plaque levels. This index is valuable in clinical research trials as it allows for standardized and objective measurements of plaque, enabling researchers to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions or treatments in reducing plaque buildup.
50.
In dental fluorosis the enamel is strong, but discolored.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
enamel is weak