The Vessels Practice MCQ's - The Cardiovascular System (II): The Vasculature
- 1.
The course of the adult recurrent laryngeal nerves differs on the two sides because of differences in the transformation of the sixth aortic arch arteries. As a result the
- A.
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the ligamentum arteriosum
- B.
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the right pulmonary artery
- C.
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the right common carotid artery
- D.
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the pulmonary artery
- E.
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the arch of the aorta
Correct Answer
A. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the ligamentum arteriosumExplanation
The course of the adult recurrent laryngeal nerves differs on the two sides due to differences in the transformation of the sixth aortic arch arteries. The left recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the ligamentum arteriosum, while the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the right pulmonary artery. This is because of the specific anatomical structures present on each side of the body.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The primitive RIGHT atrium receives blood from the
- A.
Common cardinal vein
- B.
Left atrium
- C.
Sinous venosus
- D.
Pulmonary artery
- E.
Ductus arteriosus
Correct Answer
C. Sinous venosusExplanation
The correct answer is sinous venosus. The sinous venosus is a primitive structure in the embryonic heart that receives blood from the common cardinal vein. It is responsible for directing the blood flow into the right atrium. The left atrium receives blood from the pulmonary veins, not the sinous venosus. The pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus are not directly connected to the right atrium.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which major artery or arteries are derived from the 4th aortic arches?
- A.
Arch of the aorta
- B.
Left subclavian artery
- C.
Common carotid arteries
- D.
Pulmonary artery
- E.
Dorsal aorta
Correct Answer
A. Arch of the aortaExplanation
FOURTH AORTIC ARCH
Left side becomes arch of aorta (link to later diagram on formation of aorta as a whole)
Right side becomes right subclavian artery (proximal segment of)Rate this question:
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- 4.
The ductus venosus recieves blood from which vessel
- A.
Umbilical vein
- B.
Umbilical artery
- C.
Posterior cardinal veins.
- D.
Vitelline veins
- E.
Subcardinal veins
- F.
Inferior vena cava
Correct Answer
A. Umbilical veinExplanation
The ductus venosus receives blood from the umbilical vein. During fetal development, the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus. The blood then enters the liver through the ductus venosus, bypassing the hepatic circulation. This allows the majority of oxygenated blood to be directed towards the fetal heart and brain. After birth, the ductus venosus closes and becomes a ligament known as the ligamentum venosum.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following arterial malformations has a better prognosis (higher chance of survival) if the infant has another defect known as patent ductus arteriosis?
- A.
3 chambered heart
- B.
Coarctation of the aorta
- C.
Right aortic arch
- D.
Double aortic arch
- E.
Abnormal origin of the right subclavian artery
Correct Answer
B. Coarctation of the aortaExplanation
Coarctation of the aorta is the correct answer because it is the only arterial malformation listed that has a better prognosis (higher chance of survival) if the infant has another defect known as patent ductus arteriosus. Patent ductus arteriosus is a condition where a blood vessel called the ductus arteriosus, which is supposed to close shortly after birth, remains open. In infants with coarctation of the aorta, the presence of patent ductus arteriosus allows for better blood flow and circulation, improving the prognosis compared to the other listed arterial malformations.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The LEFT BRACHIOCEpHALIC VEIN is derived from which of the following?
- A.
Left and right anterior cardinal veins
- B.
Umbilical arterial plexus
- C.
A branch of the right umbilical artery
- D.
Vitelline arterial plexus
- E.
The left vitelline artery joining with the posterior cardinal artery
Correct Answer
A. Left and right anterior cardinal veinsExplanation
In the 8th week LEFT BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN forms
The left brachiocephalic vein functions to shunt systemic blood from the left to right side
It develops from an anastomoses between left and right anterior cardinal veins when the caudal part of the left anterior cardinal vein degeneratesRate this question:
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- 7.
In the adult, the ductus venosus becomes the
- A.
Ligamentum arteriosum.
- B.
Ligamentum venosum
- C.
Oval foramen
- D.
Oval fossa
- E.
Median oval ligament
Correct Answer
B. Ligamentum venosumExplanation
The correct answer is "ligamentum venosum." In the adult, the ductus venosus, which is a blood vessel that connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in the fetus, becomes the ligamentum venosum. This transformation occurs after birth when the ductus venosus is no longer needed for fetal circulation. The ligamentum venosum is a fibrous band that helps to stabilize the liver and is a remnant of the fetal circulation.Rate this question:
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- 8.
In the fetus, the vasculature undergoes extensive remodeling. Which of the following vessels DOES NOT degenerate during this event?
- A.
Left vitelline vein
- B.
Right dorsal aorta
- C.
Left umbilical vein
- D.
Right umbilical vein
- E.
Fifth aortic arch arteries
Correct Answer
C. Left umbilical veinExplanation
During fetal development, the vasculature undergoes extensive remodeling. The left umbilical vein is the correct answer because it does not degenerate during this process. The left vitelline vein, right dorsal aorta, right umbilical vein, and fifth aortic arch arteries all undergo degeneration and remodeling as part of normal fetal development.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Where would you find the ductus venosus?
- A.
In the adult liver
- B.
Connecting the fetal pulmonary artery to the aorta
- C.
Connecting the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in the fetal right atrium
- D.
Between the right atrium and the left atrium in the adult heart
- E.
Connecting the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in the fetal liver
Correct Answer
E. Connecting the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in the fetal liverExplanation
Ductus venosus forms in liver – fetal shunt to bypass liver sinusoids; shunt connects hepatocardiac channel with left umbilical vein (definitive umbilical veinRate this question:
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- 10.
The superior vena cava is a major vessel draining the head and neck. Which embryological vessels give rise to this structure?
- A.
The left anterior cardinal vein with the right anterior cardinal vein
- B.
The right anterior cardinal vein and the right common cardinal vein
- C.
The left anterior cardinal vein and the left common cardinal vein
- D.
. the left common cardinal vein and the right common cardinal vein
- E.
The right posterior cardinal vein and the right common cardinal vein
Correct Answer
B. The right anterior cardinal vein and the right common cardinal veinExplanation
The superior vena cava is formed by the fusion of the right anterior cardinal vein and the right common cardinal vein. These embryological vessels give rise to the superior vena cava, which is responsible for draining blood from the head and neck.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Mar 19, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Nov 02, 2011Quiz Created by
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