Scientists divide reptiles into four main groups. They are lizards and snakes, turtles, crocodilians, and the tuatara. Turtles are the only reptiles with shells. Turtles can pull their heads, legs, and tails into their shells for protection.
Explanation
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Reptiles are cold-blooded. That means that their body temperature changes with the temperature around them. To stay alive, reptiles need to avoid very hot or very cold temperatures.
Both crocodiles and alligators have long bodies, short legs, and powerful tails. Both have tough skins, long snouts, and sharp teeth. Most crocodiles, however, have pointed snouts, while most alligators have a rounded snout. Also, the crocodile's lower fourth tooth sticks out when its mouth is closed.
A tortoise is a turtle that lives only on land. Tortoises have stumpy legs and stubby little toes. Most tortoises have a high, dome-shaped shell. They are slow-moving, but they pull their head, feet, and tail inside the shell when attacked by enemies
Chameleons are lizards that can change color. A chameleon's eyes stick out, and they work separately. That means a chameleon can look forward and backward at the same time. It catches insects by shooting out its long, sticky tongue very fast.
There are about 300 kinds of turtles. Some turtles live only on land. Others spend almost their whole life in the sea.
The tuatara is found only on several islands off the coast of New Zealand. The tuatara looks like a lizard, but it is more closely related to dinosaurs. Dinosaurs died out about 65 million years ago
The dinosaurs were a group of prehistoric reptiles that ruled Earth for about 160 million years. The name dinosaur comes from the term Dinosauria, which means terrible lizards.
The dry scales that cover a snake's body may be smooth or ridged, with rough edges. From time to time, a snake sheds the outer layer of skin. This skin-shedding is called molting. When a snake molts, it loosens the skin around its mouth and head by rubbing its nose on a rough surface. The snake then crawls out of the old skin, turning it inside out.
There are two kinds of alligators. The American alligator lives in low, wet parts of the Southeastern United States. The Chinese alligator lives in the lower Yangtze River Valley in China. Both alligators are related to crocodiles and Central and South American Caymans.
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