Would You Pass The Principles Of Food Preparation Final?
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Samples from the hospitality exam at ECU. Hope I pass!
Questions and Answers
1.
Food contamination can occur during:
A.
Food preparation
B.
Cooking
C.
Serving
D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation Food contamination can occur during various stages of the food handling process. During food preparation, there is a risk of cross-contamination if proper hygiene practices are not followed, such as using the same cutting board or knife for different types of food. Cooking can also lead to contamination if the food is not cooked at the right temperature or for the appropriate duration, allowing harmful bacteria to survive. Lastly, serving food can introduce contamination if utensils or serving plates are not properly cleaned and sanitized. Therefore, all of the mentioned stages - food preparation, cooking, and serving - can contribute to food contamination.
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2.
Pathogenic bacteria cause illness in all of the following ways, except:
A.
Toxin mediated infection
B.
Cross Contamination
C.
Intoxication
D.
Infection
Correct Answer
B. Cross Contamination
Explanation Cross contamination is not a way in which pathogenic bacteria cause illness. Cross contamination refers to the transfer of bacteria from one surface or food to another, which can lead to contamination and potential illness, but it is not a direct mechanism by which pathogenic bacteria cause illness. Pathogenic bacteria can cause illness through toxin-mediated infection, where they produce toxins that cause damage to the body; intoxication, where the bacteria produce toxins that are ingested and cause illness; and infection, where the bacteria invade and multiply within the body, leading to illness.
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3.
What type of hazard is a pebble in a bowl of lentil soup?
A.
Biological
B.
Chemical
C.
Physical
D.
Infestation
Correct Answer
C. pHysical
Explanation A pebble in a bowl of lentil soup is considered a physical hazard. Physical hazards refer to foreign objects or substances that can cause harm or injury when consumed or come into contact with the body. In this case, the pebble poses a risk of choking or dental damage if accidentally bitten into while consuming the soup.
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4.
In order to survive and multiply, bacteria need:
A.
Food, proper temperature, and time
B.
Food, moisture, proper pH
C.
Food, moisture, proper pH, proper temperature, and time
D.
Food, moisture, proper pH, proper temperature
Correct Answer
C. Food, moisture, proper pH, proper temperature, and time
Explanation Bacteria require food as a source of nutrients to survive and multiply. They also need moisture to carry out their metabolic processes. The proper pH level is necessary for maintaining the optimal environment for bacterial growth. Additionally, bacteria require the right temperature for their metabolic activities to occur efficiently. Finally, time is needed for bacteria to undergo the necessary processes for survival and reproduction.
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5.
Bacteria that cause foodborne illness grow well between
A.
Forty one and one thirty five degrees
B.
Forty and one hundred degrees
C.
Sixty and one forty degrees
D.
Sixty and one twenty degrees
Correct Answer
A. Forty one and one thirty five degrees
Explanation The correct answer is Forty one and one thirty five degrees. This temperature range is known as the "Danger Zone" for bacterial growth. Bacteria multiply rapidly in this range, increasing the risk of foodborne illness. Temperatures below 41 degrees Fahrenheit slow down bacterial growth, while temperatures above 135 degrees Fahrenheit kill most bacteria. It is important to keep perishable foods out of the Danger Zone to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria.
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6.
HACCP is a system for:
A.
Standardizing recipes
B.
Controlling food safety
C.
Maintaining food safety
D.
Controlling food costs
Correct Answer
C. Maintaining food safety
Explanation HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) is a systematic approach used to identify and control potential hazards in food production and processing. It focuses on maintaining food safety by identifying critical control points where hazards can occur and implementing measures to prevent or eliminate them. This system ensures that food is handled, prepared, and stored in a way that minimizes the risk of contamination or foodborne illnesses, thus maintaining the safety of the food throughout the production process.
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7.
Cross contamination can be reduced by:
A.
Personal cleanliness and hygiene
B.
Reducing the time food is in the danger zone
C.
Labeling all food items
Correct Answer
A. Personal cleanliness and hygiene
Explanation Personal cleanliness and hygiene can help reduce cross contamination because it involves practices such as washing hands properly and regularly, wearing clean and appropriate clothing, and maintaining good personal hygiene. These practices help prevent the transfer of harmful bacteria and other microorganisms from the hands and body to the food, reducing the risk of contamination. By following proper personal cleanliness and hygiene measures, individuals can significantly minimize the chances of cross contamination in food preparation and handling.
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8.
Which of the following words or phrases is closest to the meaning of mise en place?
A.
Pre preparation
B.
A well planned menu
C.
The wisdom of the chef
D.
To finish cooking on time
Correct Answer
A. Pre preparation
Explanation Mise en place refers to the pre preparation of ingredients and setting up of tools and equipment before starting to cook. It involves organizing and arranging everything in order to have a smooth and efficient cooking process. Therefore, "Pre preparation" is the closest word or phrase that captures the meaning of mise en place.
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9.
Cutting food into uniform shapes and sizes is important because it
A.
Ensures even cooking
B.
Enhances the appearance of the product
C.
Both of the above
D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Both of the above
Explanation Cutting food into uniform shapes and sizes is important because it ensures even cooking. When food is cut into uniform pieces, it cooks at the same rate, preventing some pieces from being undercooked while others are overcooked. This leads to a more consistent and evenly cooked dish. Additionally, cutting food into uniform shapes and sizes enhances the appearance of the product. When the pieces are uniform, they present a more visually appealing dish, which can make the food more appetizing and enjoyable to eat.
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10.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in the breading procedure?
A.
Flour, egg wash, flour
B.
Flour, egg wash, bread crumbs
C.
Flour, water, bread crumbs
Correct Answer
B. Flour, egg wash, bread crumbs
Explanation The correct sequence of stages in the breading procedure is flour, egg wash, bread crumbs. This is because flour is used as the first coating to help the egg wash adhere to the food item. The egg wash acts as a binding agent, allowing the bread crumbs to stick to the food item. Finally, the bread crumbs provide a crispy and flavorful outer coating when the food item is cooked.
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11.
The smoke point is the temperature at which an oil will
A.
Spoil
B.
Break down
C.
Steam
D.
Burn
Correct Answer
B. Break down
Explanation The smoke point refers to the temperature at which the oil starts to break down. When an oil reaches its smoke point, it starts to decompose and release smoke. This breakdown process can result in the formation of harmful compounds and a change in the oil's flavor and nutritional value. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the smoke point of different oils to avoid using them at temperatures that can cause them to break down.
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12.
An onion that has a clove and bay leaf attached to it used for flavoring is
A.
Onion pique
B.
Onion brule
C.
Sachet
Correct Answer
A. Onion pique
Explanation An onion that has a clove and bay leaf attached to it for flavoring is known as "Onion pique". This technique is commonly used in cooking to infuse the flavors of the clove and bay leaf into the dish. The combination of these ingredients adds a unique and aromatic taste to the food.
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13.
What is the collection of celery, carrots, herbs, and spices tied in a bundle?
A.
Bouquet garni
B.
Sachet
C.
Potpourri
D.
Steeping bundle
Correct Answer
A. Bouquet garni
Explanation A bouquet garni is a collection of celery, carrots, herbs, and spices tied in a bundle. It is often used to flavor soups, stews, and sauces, as the bundle can easily be removed before serving. The herbs and spices in the bouquet garni infuse the dish with their flavors, enhancing the overall taste.
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14.
Which class of poultry is younger and more tender?
A.
Roaster
B.
Broiler/fryer
C.
Mature
D.
Yearling
Correct Answer
B. Broiler/fryer
Explanation Broiler/fryer is the correct answer because this class of poultry refers to young chickens that are specifically bred for meat production. They are typically slaughtered at a young age, around 6 to 7 weeks, resulting in tender and succulent meat. Roasters, on the other hand, are slightly older and larger chickens that are typically used for roasting and have slightly tougher meat. Mature and yearling poultry are even older and therefore less tender compared to broiler/fryer chickens.
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15.
Which of the following is not a good indication of doneness for poultry
A.
Juices run clear
B.
Timer
C.
Internal temperature
D.
Looseness of the joints
Correct Answer
B. Timer
Explanation Pg. 470
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16.
Frozen poultry can be kept at 0 degrees or below for up to
A.
Six months
B.
Twelve months
C.
Nine months
Correct Answer
A. Six months
Explanation pg 470
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17.
The temperature that indicates doneness in poultry is
A.
One sixty five to one seventy
B.
One fifty five to one sixty
C.
One forty five to one fifty
Correct Answer
A. One sixty five to one seventy
Explanation pg 470
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18.
A boiler/fryer chicken is approximately
A.
Three to five months old
B.
Five to six weeks old
C.
Thirteen weeks old
Correct Answer
C. Thirteen weeks old
Explanation Pg 470
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19.
A young turkey is
A.
Sixteen weeks old
B.
Eight months or less
C.
Fifteen months or less
Correct Answer
B. Eight months or less
Explanation pg 470
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20.
IQF refers to:
A.
Individually quick fried
B.
Individually quick frozen
C.
Internally quick frozen
Correct Answer
B. Individually quick frozen
Explanation IQF refers to "Individually Quick Frozen". This term is used in the food industry to describe a freezing process where each individual piece of food is frozen separately, rather than being frozen together in a large batch. This method allows for faster freezing, which helps to preserve the quality, texture, and flavor of the food. It also makes it easier to portion and use only the desired amount of frozen food at a time.
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21.
............ is a dry heat method
A.
Grill
B.
Poach
C.
Stew
Correct Answer
A. Grill
Explanation Grilling is a dry heat method of cooking where food is cooked directly over an open flame or heat source. It involves the application of high heat to the surface of the food, resulting in a charred and smoky flavor. Unlike poaching or stewing, which involve cooking food in liquid, grilling does not involve any added moisture. Therefore, the correct answer is "grill."
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22.
Which of the following is a combination cooking method?
A.
Roasting
B.
Braising
C.
Deep frying
D.
Blanching
Correct Answer
B. Braising
Explanation Braising is a combination cooking method because it involves both dry heat and moist heat. It starts by searing the food in a hot pan to develop a crust, which is the dry heat component. Then, the food is cooked slowly in a liquid, such as broth or wine, which is the moist heat component. This combination of dry and moist heat helps to tenderize tough cuts of meat and infuse them with flavor. Roasting, deep frying, and blanching are all single cooking methods that use either dry heat or moist heat.
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23.
Steam is created when water heats up to
A.
212 degrees or higher
B.
184 degrees or higher
C.
240 degrees or higher
Correct Answer
A. 212 degrees or higher
Explanation pg. 212
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24.
When pan frying, the oil should
A.
Be at least one inch up the side of the pan
B.
1/2 the way up the side of the product
C.
Come up just above the top of the product
Correct Answer
B. 1/2 the way up the side of the product
Explanation pg 204
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25.
Gelatinization is the cooking of
A.
Sugars
B.
Proteins
C.
Starches
Correct Answer
C. Starches
Explanation Gelatinization refers to the process of cooking starches. When starches are heated in the presence of liquid, they absorb the liquid and swell, resulting in the thickening of the mixture. This process is commonly observed when cooking rice, pasta, or making sauces and gravies. Gelatinization is not applicable to sugars or proteins, as they have different chemical properties and behaviors when heated.
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26.
Broiliing is when the heat source is ............. the product.
A.
Below
B.
Above
C.
Surrounding
Correct Answer
C. Surrounding
Explanation Broiling is a cooking method where the heat source is located above the food. In this method, the food is cooked by the heat that surrounds it. Therefore, the correct answer is "Surrounding".
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27.
Sauteing can be done
A.
Only with tender cuts of meat
B.
As a means to brown large cuts of meat
C.
As a part of poaching
D.
A and C only
E.
A and B only
Correct Answer
B. As a means to brown large cuts of meat
Explanation Sauteing is a cooking technique that involves quickly cooking food in a small amount of hot oil or fat. It is commonly used to brown or sear meat, including large cuts. Sauteing helps to develop a flavorful crust on the outside of the meat while keeping the inside tender and juicy. Therefore, the correct answer is "As a means to brown large cuts of meat."
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28.
Which bacteria is naturally founding the intestines of cows?
A.
Strep
B.
Botulism
C.
Ecoli
Correct Answer
C. Ecoli
Explanation E. coli is naturally found in the intestines of cows. It is a type of bacteria that is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of many animals, including cows. E. coli plays a role in digestion and is generally harmless. However, certain strains of E. coli can cause illness in humans if consumed through contaminated food or water.
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29.
Pathogenic bacteria causes food spoilage.
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation Good bacteria cause food spoilage, such as the ones in yogurt or sour cream.
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30.
Bacteria grow fastest in the log stage.
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation Bacteria grow fastest in the log stage because this stage is characterized by rapid cell division and exponential growth. During the log stage, the bacteria have abundant nutrients and favorable environmental conditions, allowing them to multiply rapidly. As the log stage progresses, the number of bacteria doubles at a constant rate, resulting in a logarithmic growth curve. Once the resources become limited or waste products accumulate, the bacteria enter a stationary phase, where growth rate slows down. Therefore, it is true that bacteria grow fastest in the log stage.
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31.
An A W higher than .84 is considered potentially hazardous
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation An A W value higher than .84 is considered potentially hazardous because it indicates a high water activity level. Water activity is a measure of the amount of moisture available for microbial growth, and a higher value means there is more moisture present. This can create favorable conditions for the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold, which can lead to spoilage or foodborne illnesses. Therefore, a higher A W value is considered potentially hazardous.
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32.
Sanitized is free of visible soil.
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation Sanitized means harmful substances are reduced to safe levels.
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33.
The temperature of the water when washing your hands should be at least 100 degrees or higher
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation The statement suggests that the temperature of the water when washing hands should be at least 100 degrees or higher. This is because hot water helps to kill germs and bacteria more effectively compared to cold water. Additionally, hot water can also help to remove oils and dirt from the skin more efficiently. Therefore, it is recommended to use water at a temperature of 100 degrees or higher for handwashing to ensure proper hygiene.
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34.
You can detect if food is contaminated because it has an off odor.
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation A food doesn't have to have an off odor to be contaminated.
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35.
Salmonella creates a toxin that makes you sick
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation Salmonilla creates infections, not toxins.
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36.
The maximum amount of time to have food exposed to time and temperature abuse is four hours.
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation Food safety guidelines recommend that perishable foods should not be exposed to the temperature danger zone (41°F - 135°F) for more than four hours. This is because bacteria can multiply rapidly in this temperature range, increasing the risk of foodborne illnesses. Therefore, it is important to ensure that food is stored properly and not left out at room temperature for extended periods of time.
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37.
The leading cause of cross contamination is bacteria.
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation The leading cause of cross contamination is people.
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38.
The maillard effect refers to the carmelization when meat is browned.
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation The Maillard effect is a chemical reaction that occurs when proteins and sugars in food are heated, resulting in the browning and development of flavors. When meat is cooked, the Maillard effect causes it to brown and develop a rich caramelized flavor. Therefore, the statement that the Maillard effect refers to the caramelization when meat is browned is true.
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39.
Clarification is the removal of fat and water from the butter.
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation Milk solids, not fat, are removed from clarified butter.
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40.
Conduction is the transfer of heat through a fluid or a gas.
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact. Convection is the transfer of heat through a fluid or gas.
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41.
Sauteeing then roasting is a combination cooking method.
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation Sauteeing and roasting are both dry heat methods.
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42.
Deep frying is a moist heat method.
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation Deep frying involves no water.
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43.
Coagulation is what happens when proteins are heated.
A.
Explanation Coagulation refers to the process in which proteins denature and form a solid or gel-like substance when exposed to heat. This occurs because the heat disrupts the weak bonds that hold the protein structure together, causing the proteins to unfold and aggregate. This process is commonly observed in cooking, such as when egg whites turn from liquid to solid when heated.
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44.
A paste is a mixture of herbs, seasoning, oil, and vinegar that meat soaks in to tenderize and flavor.
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation That is a marinade, not a paste.
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45.
Parboiling has a shorter cooking time than blanching.
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation Blanching is done quickly, usually only a few seconds, and parboiling lasts longer, usually several minutes.
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46.
Clarified butter has a higher smoke point than whole butter.
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation Clarified butter is a form of butter where the milk solids and water have been removed, leaving only the pure butterfat. This process raises the smoke point of the butter, which is the temperature at which it starts to burn and produce smoke. Whole butter, on the other hand, contains milk solids and water, causing it to have a lower smoke point. Therefore, it is true that clarified butter has a higher smoke point than whole butter.
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47.
Poaching helps prevent further cooking and sets colors for vegetables.
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation Poaching is a cooking technique where food is gently simmered in a liquid. When it comes to vegetables, poaching helps to preserve their natural colors and prevent them from overcooking. The gentle heat of the liquid helps to set the colors of the vegetables, resulting in vibrant and visually appealing dishes. Therefore, the statement that poaching helps prevent further cooking and sets colors for vegetables is true.
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48.
Foods to be sauteed should be started in a cold pan.
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation Foods to be sauteed should be started in a hot pan.
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49.
Exposure to air, light, and heat can cause an oil to go weak.
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation Exposure to air, light, and heat can cause an oil to go weak because these factors can lead to oxidation and degradation of the oil's chemical composition. Oxygen in the air can react with the oil, causing it to become rancid and lose its effectiveness. Light can also accelerate the oxidation process, while heat can further break down the oil's molecules and decrease its viscosity. Therefore, it is true that exposure to air, light, and heat can weaken an oil.
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50.
Shocking is precooking the potatoes at a lower temperature before frying at a higher temperature.
A.
True
B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation Shocking is placing foods that have been blanched or parboiled in water in ice water to halt the cooking process.
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