1.
The brain of the cell is _____.
Correct Answer
B. Nucleus
Explanation
The nucleus is often referred to as the "brain" of the cell because it controls all cellular activities and contains the cell's genetic material, DNA. It regulates the synthesis of proteins and directs the cell's growth, reproduction, and metabolism. Additionally, the nucleus also acts as a storage site for the cell's DNA, protecting it from damage and ensuring its proper replication during cell division. Therefore, the nucleus plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall functioning and integrity of the cell.
2.
The part of the cell that converts sugar and fat into energy is the _____.
Correct Answer
A. Mitochondria
Explanation
The mitochondria is the part of the cell that converts sugar and fat into energy through a process called cellular respiration. It is often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell because it produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the main source of energy for cellular activities. The other options, nucleus, Golgi apparatus, and rough endoplasmic reticulum, do not have a direct role in energy production.
3.
Ribosomes are found here:
Correct Answer
C. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Explanation
Ribosomes are found in the endoplasmic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle involved in the synthesis and modification of proteins. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, and they can be found either floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. The presence of ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum allows for the direct transfer of newly synthesized proteins into the organelle for further processing and modification before being transported to their final destination within the cell.
4.
This gatekeeper allows some materials to enter the cell and keeps others out.
Correct Answer
D. Cell Membrane
Explanation
The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that controls the entry and exit of substances into and out of the cell. It allows some materials, such as nutrients and waste products, to enter or leave the cell, while keeping other substances, such as toxins, out. This selective property of the cell membrane is crucial for maintaining homeostasis within the cell and protecting it from potentially harmful substances. Therefore, the cell membrane acts as a gatekeeper, regulating the movement of materials in and out of the cell.
5.
This is the jelly-like cushioning that carries particles around the cell.
Correct Answer
A. Cytoplasm
Explanation
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that fills the cell and acts as a cushioning material. It is responsible for carrying particles within the cell, allowing for the movement of organelles and other substances. The cytoplasm also contains various enzymes and nutrients necessary for cellular processes. Therefore, it is the correct answer to the question.
6.
This type of Endoplasmic Reticulum removes the things that the cell can convert into energy.
Correct Answer
A. Smooth
Explanation
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs and toxins. It does not have ribosomes attached to its surface, unlike the rough endoplasmic reticulum which is involved in protein synthesis. Since the question states that this type of endoplasmic reticulum removes things that the cell can convert into energy, it implies that it is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification processes, making the correct answer smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
7.
This type of Endoplasmic Reticulum takes proteins apart and turns them into the types the cell can use.
Correct Answer
B. Rough
Explanation
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for modifying and folding proteins. It has ribosomes attached to its surface, which gives it a rough appearance under a microscope. These ribosomes synthesize proteins that are then transported into the rough endoplasmic reticulum for further processing. This organelle plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and quality control, ensuring that proteins are properly folded and functional before being transported to their final destinations within the cell or outside of it.
8.
This part of the cell puts a membrane on parts of the particle that entered the cell as it is broken apart.
Correct Answer
C. Golgi Apparatus
Explanation
The Golgi Apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids that are synthesized in the cell. It receives particles that have entered the cell and breaks them apart. It then puts a membrane on these broken parts, allowing them to be sorted and transported to their appropriate destinations within the cell or outside of it. Therefore, the Golgi Apparatus is the correct answer as it performs the described function.
9.
These vessels carry blood to the heart.
Correct Answer
B. Veins
Explanation
Veins carry blood back to the heart. After the oxygenated blood is delivered to the body's tissues by arteries, the veins collect the deoxygenated blood and transport it back to the heart. Unlike arteries, veins have valves that prevent the backflow of blood and help in maintaining the flow towards the heart. Therefore, veins are responsible for returning blood to the heart for oxygenation and circulation throughout the body.
10.
These vessels carry blood from the heart.
Correct Answer
A. Arteries
Explanation
Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. They have thick, elastic walls that help to withstand the high pressure of blood being pumped out of the heart. Veins, on the other hand, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Therefore, arteries are the correct answer because they specifically carry blood from the heart.
11.
Blood traveling through these vessels is low in oxygen.
Correct Answer
B. Veins
Explanation
Veins carry blood back to the heart from various parts of the body. Unlike arteries, veins contain blood that is low in oxygen. After oxygen is delivered to the body's tissues through the arteries, the deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the veins. This blood is then pumped to the lungs to receive oxygen again. Therefore, the statement "Blood traveling through these vessels is low in oxygen" accurately describes veins.
12.
This term refers to the leg.
Correct Answer
B. Femoral
Explanation
The term "femoral" refers to the leg. The femoral artery is a major blood vessel located in the thigh, supplying blood to the lower extremities. It is commonly used for procedures such as angiography or catheterization. The term "brachial," on the other hand, refers to the arm. It is associated with the brachial artery, which is located in the upper arm and is commonly used for taking blood pressure measurements or drawing blood. Therefore, the correct answer is "Femoral."
13.
This term refers to the arm.
Correct Answer
A. Brachial
Explanation
The term "brachial" refers to the arm. It is commonly used to describe the artery, vein, or nerve that is located in the upper arm. This term is often used in medical contexts when referring to procedures or conditions related to the arm. On the other hand, "femoral" refers to the thigh, specifically the femur bone or the femoral artery and vein located in the upper thigh.
14.
These are the arteries for your brain.
Correct Answer
A. Carotids
Explanation
The carotids are the arteries that supply blood to the brain. They are located on each side of the neck and are responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the brain tissue. The carotids play a crucial role in maintaining brain function and any blockage or damage to these arteries can lead to serious health issues such as stroke or brain damage. Therefore, the carotids are rightly identified as the arteries for the brain.
15.
Timon shouts that Simba should, "Go for the ______!"
Correct Answer
B. Jugular
Explanation
Timon shouts that Simba should, "Go for the jugular!" This phrase is often used metaphorically to encourage someone to attack or target the most vulnerable or crucial point of an opponent or situation. The jugular refers to the large vein in the neck that carries blood from the head back to the heart, and attacking it can be fatal. In this context, Timon is urging Simba to go for the most effective and decisive action, likely in a confrontation or battle.
16.
The blood vessel that ensures the heart has enough oxygen and nutrients to work is the _____.
Correct Answer
A. Coronary
Explanation
The coronary blood vessel is responsible for supplying the heart with sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function properly. It branches off from the aorta and encircles the heart, ensuring that the heart muscle receives the necessary blood supply. The carotid artery supplies blood to the brain, the aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood to the body, and the vena cava is responsible for returning deoxygenated blood to the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is coronary.
17.
This chamber of the heart pumps blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
Correct Answer
D. Right Ventricle
Explanation
The right ventricle is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. It receives blood from the right atrium and then contracts to push the blood into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood picks up oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide before returning to the heart. Therefore, the right ventricle is the chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
18.
This blood vessel brings oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the heart.
Correct Answer
B. Pulmonary Vein
Explanation
The pulmonary vein is the correct answer because it is the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. After the blood has been oxygenated in the lungs, it is returned to the heart through the pulmonary veins, where it is then pumped out to the rest of the body through the aorta. The pulmonary artery, on the other hand, carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. The vena cava is responsible for returning deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart.
19.
This chamber of the heart receives all of the blood from the body that is oxygen depleted.
Correct Answer
C. Right Atrium
Explanation
The right atrium is the chamber of the heart that receives all of the blood from the body that is oxygen depleted. It is responsible for receiving deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and then pumping it into the right ventricle to be sent to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium, on the other hand, receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, while the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
20.
Identify the muscle with the red X.
Correct Answer
B. Trapezius
Explanation
The muscle with the red X is the Trapezius. The Trapezius is a large muscle that extends down the back of the neck and upper spine and spreads out over the upper back. It is responsible for moving and stabilizing the shoulder blades, as well as extending and rotating the head and neck. The muscle is named after its trapezoid shape, and it is commonly referred to as the "traps."
21.
Identify the muscle with the red X.
Correct Answer
A. Triceps
Explanation
The muscle with the red X is the triceps.
22.
Identify the muscle with the red X.
Correct Answer
D. Biceps Femoris
Explanation
The muscle with the red X is the Biceps Femoris.
23.
Identify the muscle with the red X.
Correct Answer
C. Deltoids
Explanation
The muscle with the red X is the deltoids.
24.
Identify the muscle with the red X.
Correct Answer
B. Pectoralis Major
Explanation
The correct answer is Pectoralis Major. The muscle with the red X is the Pectoralis Major. This is a large muscle located in the chest area and is responsible for movements such as flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of the arm. It is commonly referred to as the "pecs" and is well-developed in individuals who engage in chest-focused exercises like bench press.
25.
Correct Answer
A. Biceps
26.
Identify the muscle with the red X.
Correct Answer
D. Rectus Abdominis
Explanation
The muscle with the red X is the rectus abdominis. This muscle is located in the abdomen and is responsible for flexing and stabilizing the spine. It is commonly referred to as the "six-pack" muscle due to its appearance in individuals with low body fat. The obliques, pectoralis major, and triceps are not the muscles indicated by the red X.
27.
Identify the muscle with the red X.
Correct Answer
A. Quadriceps
Explanation
The correct answer is Quadriceps because the red X is pointing to the muscle that is located in the front of the thigh. The quadriceps muscle group consists of four muscles that work together to extend the knee and flex the hip. These muscles are the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius.
28.
This type of muscle doesn't fatigue.
Correct Answer
B. Cardiac
Explanation
Cardiac muscle is the correct answer because it is a type of muscle that does not fatigue easily. Unlike skeletal muscle, which can become tired and fatigued with prolonged use, cardiac muscle is designed to continuously contract and relax without getting exhausted. This is essential for the heart to pump blood consistently and efficiently throughout the body.
29.
This type of muscle is found in our intestines and esophagus.
Correct Answer
A. Smooth
Explanation
Smooth muscle is the correct answer because it is the type of muscle that is found in our intestines and esophagus. Smooth muscle is involuntary and non-striated, meaning it does not have the cross-striations that skeletal and cardiac muscles have. It is responsible for the movement and contraction of these organs, allowing for the passage of food through the digestive system and the movement of food from the esophagus to the stomach.
30.
This type of muscle is voluntary.
Correct Answer
C. Skeletal
Explanation
Skeletal muscle is the correct answer because it is the only type of muscle that is under voluntary control. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of organs and blood vessels and is involuntary, while cardiac muscle is found in the heart and is also involuntary. Skeletal muscle, on the other hand, is attached to bones and allows for voluntary movement of the body.
31.
Label the bone that the arrow points to.
Correct Answer
C. Ulna
Explanation
The arrow is pointing to the bone labeled "Ulna." The ulna is one of the two long bones located in the forearm, along with the radius. It is on the inner side of the forearm, opposite to the radius. The ulna plays a crucial role in forming the elbow joint and helps to stabilize the forearm during movements.
32.
Label the bone that the arrow points to.
Correct Answer
D. Sternum
Explanation
The correct answer is Sternum. The arrow is pointing to the bone known as the sternum. The sternum is a flat bone located in the center of the chest, commonly referred to as the breastbone. It connects to the ribs and forms the front part of the rib cage. The sternum provides protection to vital organs such as the heart and lungs and also serves as an attachment point for various muscles.
33.
Label the bone that the arrow points to.
Correct Answer
A. Humerus
Explanation
The correct answer is Humerus because the arrow is pointing to the bone labeled as Humerus in the given options. The Humerus is the long bone located in the upper arm, between the shoulder and the elbow. It is the largest bone in the upper limb and is responsible for the movement and flexibility of the arm.
34.
Label the bone that the arrow points to.
Correct Answer
B. Cranium
Explanation
The arrow is pointing to the bone called the cranium. The cranium is the skull, which is the protective structure that encloses the brain. It is made up of several bones that fuse together to form a solid structure. The cranium plays a crucial role in protecting the brain from injury and also provides attachment points for muscles that control facial expressions and jaw movement.
35.
Label the bone that the arrow points to.
Correct Answer
D. Pelvis
Explanation
The arrow is pointing to the pelvis bone. The pelvis is a large, bowl-shaped bone located at the base of the spine. It consists of several fused bones, including the ilium, ischium, and pubis. The pelvis provides support and stability to the upper body and serves as a attachment point for various muscles, ligaments, and organs. It also plays a crucial role in childbirth by providing a passage for the baby to pass through during delivery.
36.
Label the bone that the arrow points to.
Correct Answer
A. Femur
Explanation
The correct answer is Femur. The femur is the bone in the human body that is located in the thigh region. It is the longest and strongest bone in the body and plays a crucial role in supporting the body's weight and facilitating movement. The arrow in the question is pointing to the femur bone.
37.
Label the bone that the arrow points to.
Correct Answer
C. pHalange
Explanation
The correct answer is Phalange. The arrow is pointing to a bone, and out of the given options, Phalange is the only bone that matches the location indicated by the arrow. The other options, Carpals, Mandible, and Pivot, do not correspond to the bone pointed to by the arrow.
38.
Label the bone that the arrow points to.
Correct Answer
B. Metatarsal
Explanation
The correct answer is Metatarsal. The arrow is pointing to a bone in the foot called the metatarsal. It is one of the long bones located between the tarsal bones and the phalanges. The metatarsal bones form the arches of the foot and provide support for walking and running.
39.
What type of joint is this?
Correct Answer
A. Ball and Socket
Explanation
A ball and socket joint is a type of joint that allows for a wide range of movement in multiple directions. It consists of a spherical head that fits into a socket, allowing for rotation and movement in all planes. This type of joint is found in the hip and shoulder, allowing for movements such as rotation, flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
40.
What type of joint is this?
Correct Answer
C. Hinge
Explanation
This joint is a hinge because it allows movement in only one plane, similar to a door hinge. It enables bending and straightening movements, while restricting rotation and other types of movements. The ball and socket joint allows movement in multiple directions, the pivot joint allows rotation around a central axis, the saddle joint allows movement in two planes, and the gliding joint allows sliding or gliding movements.
41.
What type of joint is this?
Correct Answer
B. Pivot
Explanation
A pivot joint allows for rotation around a single axis, such as the movement of the head from side to side. It consists of a cylindrical bone that rotates within a ring-shaped bone. This type of joint is found in the neck, allowing for rotational movement, and in the forearm, allowing for the rotation of the radius around the ulna.
42.
This type of joint is found in your wrists and ankles.
Correct Answer
E. Gliding
Explanation
Gliding joints are found in the wrists and ankles. These joints allow bones to slide against each other in multiple directions, enabling smooth movements. Unlike hinge joints that only allow back-and-forth motion or pivot joints that allow rotating movement, gliding joints provide a greater range of motion. This type of joint is characterized by the flat surfaces of the bones that glide against each other, such as the carpal bones in the wrist or the tarsal bones in the ankle.
43.
What type of joint is this?
Correct Answer
D. Saddle
Explanation
A saddle joint is a type of joint in which the articulating surfaces resemble the shape of a saddle. This type of joint allows movement in two planes, allowing for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction. The joint surfaces fit together like a rider sitting on a saddle, providing stability and allowing for a wide range of movement. Examples of saddle joints in the human body include the joint between the thumb and the wrist, and the joint between the clavicle and the sternum.
44.
Mr. Greendahl is going to compete in a singing competition. What song would he choose?
Correct Answer
E. Anything from the early '80's
Explanation
Mr. Greendahl would choose anything from the early '80s because it is not specified in the question what type of song he prefers or what his singing style is. Therefore, choosing a song from the early '80s gives him a wide range of options in terms of genre and style, allowing him to select a song that suits his vocal abilities and personal taste.
45.
Which side of the cerebrum is in charge of identifying patterns?
Correct Answer
A. Left
Explanation
The left side of the cerebrum is responsible for identifying patterns. This is because the left hemisphere of the brain is generally associated with logical and analytical thinking, as well as language processing. Pattern recognition involves the ability to analyze and interpret information in a logical and organized manner, making it a task that is typically handled by the left side of the brain.
46.
Which side of the cerebrum would be associated with creativity and free-thinking?
Correct Answer
B. Right
Explanation
The right side of the cerebrum is associated with creativity and free-thinking. This is because the right hemisphere of the brain is responsible for holistic thinking, intuition, imagination, and artistic abilities. It is often referred to as the "creative" side of the brain, while the left hemisphere is more analytical and logical. Therefore, the right side of the cerebrum is the correct answer in this case.
47.
Which part of the brain controls our sense of smell?
Correct Answer
A. Cerebrum
Explanation
The cerebrum is the correct answer because it is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for many higher cognitive functions, including the sense of smell. The olfactory bulbs, which receive signals from the nose, are located in the cerebrum. The cerebrum processes these signals, allowing us to perceive and recognize different smells. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movement and balance, while the medulla controls basic functions such as breathing and heart rate.
48.
Which part of the brain ensures that our heart continues to beat and we keep breathing?
Correct Answer
C. Medulla
Explanation
The medulla is responsible for controlling vital functions such as heartbeat and breathing. It is located in the brainstem and acts as a relay station between the brain and the spinal cord. The medulla contains specialized cells that regulate the rate and rhythm of the heart, as well as control the muscles involved in respiration. Without the medulla, these essential functions would not be automatically regulated, leading to potential life-threatening complications.
49.
Which part of the brain processes our vision?
Correct Answer
B. Cerebellum
Explanation
The cerebellum is not responsible for processing vision. It is primarily involved in coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture. The correct part of the brain that processes vision is the cerebrum, specifically the occipital lobe. The occipital lobe contains the primary visual cortex, which receives and processes visual information from the eyes.
50.
Which part of the brain keeps us balanced?
Correct Answer
B. Cerebellum
Explanation
The cerebellum is responsible for maintaining balance and coordination in the body. It receives information from the sensory systems, such as the inner ear and the eyes, and uses this information to regulate muscle movements and posture. Damage to the cerebellum can result in difficulties with balance, coordination, and fine motor skills. Therefore, the cerebellum is the part of the brain that keeps us balanced.