Chemistry Trivia Question and Answers
1.
What are the substances that are the result of a chemical reaction called?
Answer:
Products
Explanation:
In a chemical reaction, reactants undergo a transformation to form new substances known as products. These products are the end result of the reaction and can have different properties than the reactants. Reactants are the starting materials that participate in the reaction, while catalysts are substances that speed up the reaction without being consumed themselves.
2.
What is a substance called that is used to speed up a chemical reaction but is not consumed as part of the reaction?
Answer:
Catalyst
Explanation:
A catalyst is a substance that is used to speed up a chemical reaction without being consumed or permanently changed in the process. It works by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction to occur with lower activation energy, allowing the reaction to proceed more quickly. Unlike reactants and products, which are directly involved in the reaction and are consumed or produced, a catalyst remains unchanged and can be used again in subsequent reactions.
3.
What is the physical state of a substance when it forms a precipitate?
Answer:
Solid
Explanation:
A precipitate is a solid substance formed from a chemical reaction in a liquid solution. It occurs when the reactants in solution combine to form an insoluble solid, which then settles out of the solution. Precipitates can vary in size and appearance, ranging from fine particles to chunky substances.
4.
What part of the atom is involved in chemical bonding?
Answer:
Valence electrons
Explanation:
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding. These electrons determine the atom's reactivity and ability to form chemical bonds with other atoms. The nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons, does not directly participate in chemical bonding.
5.
Which chemical reaction occurs when energy is released?
Answer:
Exothermic
Explanation:
An exothermic reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which energy is released in the form of heat or light. This means that the products of the reaction have less energy than the reactants, resulting in a net release of energy. Examples of exothermic reactions include combustion reactions, where a fuel reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light, and many types of oxidation reactions.
6.
What chemical reaction occurs when energy is absorbed?
Answer:
Endothermic
Explanation:
An endothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings. This means that the reaction requires an input of energy in order to proceed. In an endothermic reaction, the products have a higher energy level than the reactants, and the excess energy is absorbed from the surroundings. This is in contrast to an exothermic reaction, which releases energy to the surroundings.
7.
What is a bond called where electrons are transferred?
Answer:
Ionic bond
Explanation:
An ionic bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another. In this type of bond, one atom gains electrons to become negatively charged (anion) while the other atom loses electrons to become positively charged (cation). The attraction between these opposite charges holds the atoms together, forming the ionic bond. Covalent bonds, on the other hand, involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.
8.
What is a bond called that occurs between metals and nonmetals?
Answer:
Ionic bond
Explanation:
An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that occurs between metals and nonmetals. In this type of bond, electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the nonmetal atom, resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions. The opposite charges of the ions attract each other, creating a strong bond. This bond is characterized by the electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions.
9.
What is a bond called that occurs between nonmetals and nonmetals?
Answer:
Covalent bond
Explanation:
A covalent bond occurs between nonmetals and nonmetals when they share electrons. In this type of bond, the atoms involved have similar electronegativities, which means they have a similar ability to attract electrons. As a result, they share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. This sharing of electrons creates a strong bond between the atoms, forming a molecule.
10.
What is the conversion of sugars in wort to alcohol and carbon dioxide?
Answer:
Fermentation
Explanation:
Fermentation is the process by which sugars in wort are converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeast. During fermentation, yeast consumes the sugars present in the wort and produces alcohol as well as carbon dioxide as byproducts. This process is essential in the production of beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages.
11.
What is the most commonly used material in the manufacturing of semiconductors?
Answer:
Monocrystalline Silicon
Explanation:
Monocrystalline silicon is the most commonly used material in the manufacturing of semiconductors due to its high purity and uniform structure, which allows for efficient electron flow. It also has excellent electrical properties that make it ideal for use in various electronic devices. Additionally, monocrystalline silicon can be easily produced in large quantities, making it a cost-effective choice for semiconductor manufacturing.
12.
What is the name of the protein found in wheat flour?
Answer:
Gluten
Explanation:
Gluten is the protein found in wheat flour that gives dough its elasticity and helps it rise. It is a complex mixture of proteins that gives bread its chewy texture and helps bind ingredients together in baking. Gluten is responsible for the structure and texture of baked goods made with wheat flour.
13.
If nitrous oxide is added to an engine, what will the effect be?
Answer:
Adds More Oxygen To The Engine
Explanation:
Adding nitrous oxide to an engine increases the amount of oxygen available during combustion, which can result in more powerful explosions and increased horsepower. This is because nitrous oxide breaks down at high temperatures, releasing extra oxygen molecules that allow for more fuel to be burned, producing more power.
14.
What is known as the energy required to start a chemical reaction?
Answer:
Activation Energy
Explanation:
Activation energy is the energy required to initiate a chemical reaction by breaking the bonds of the reactant molecules. This energy barrier must be overcome for the reaction to proceed, as it allows the molecules to reach the transition state where new bonds can form. Activation energy is a crucial factor in determining the rate of a reaction, as reactions with higher activation energies will proceed more slowly than those with lower activation energies.
15.
What is formed when metals are blended with other metals?
Answer:
Alloys
Explanation:
When metals are blended with other metals, they form alloys. Alloys are a mixture of two or more elements, where at least one is a metal. This blending of metals creates a new material with improved properties such as increased strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion. Alloys are commonly used in various industries for a wide range of applications due to their unique combination of properties.
16.
What number is also the same as proton number and the number of electrons of a neutral atom?
Answer:
Atomic Number
Explanation:
The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which also corresponds to the number of electrons in a neutral atom. This is because in a neutral atom, the number of protons (positively charged) is equal to the number of electrons (negatively charged), creating an overall neutral charge for the atom. Therefore, the atomic number serves as a unique identifier for each element based on the number of protons/electrons it contains.
17.
What branch of chemistry is concerned with the chemistry of living organisms?
Answer:
Biochemistry
Explanation:
Biochemistry is the branch of chemistry that focuses on the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms. It involves studying the structure, composition, and chemical reactions of biological molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Biochemistry plays a crucial role in understanding various biological processes, including metabolism, genetics, and cell signaling, and is essential for advancements in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology.
18.
What is the temperature at which the application of heat raises the temperature of a liquid no further, but converts it to a vapor?
Answer:
Boiling Point
Explanation:
When heat is applied to a liquid, its temperature will continue to rise until it reaches a point where the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure. This is known as the boiling point of the liquid. At this temperature, further application of heat will not raise the temperature of the liquid any further, but instead, it will cause the liquid to vaporize and turn into a gas.
19.
What is a compound or mixture of chemical compounds that is used to maintain a steady pH?
Answer:
Buffer
Explanation:
A buffer is a compound or mixture of chemical compounds that is able to maintain a steady pH by resisting changes in acidity or alkalinity when an acidic or basic substance is added. Buffers are important in various biological and chemical processes where maintaining a specific pH range is crucial for proper functioning.
20.
Which substances alter the speed of chemical reactions?
Answer:
Catalysts
Explanation:
Catalysts are substances that can alter the speed of chemical reactions by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy. They work by lowering the energy barrier for the reaction to occur, allowing it to proceed faster without being consumed in the process. This makes catalysts crucial in speeding up reactions in various industrial processes and biological systems.
21.
Which device is fitted to the exhaust system of a motor vehicle in order to reduce toxic emissions from the engine?
Answer:
Catalytic Converter
Explanation:
The catalytic converter is a device fitted to the exhaust system of a motor vehicle to reduce toxic emissions from the engine by converting harmful pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons into less harmful substances like carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water vapor through a chemical reaction. This helps in minimizing the environmental impact of vehicle emissions and improving air quality.
22.
What is a method to indicate reactants and products of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas?
Answer:
Chemical Equation
Explanation:
A chemical equation is a method used to represent reactants and products of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas. It shows the chemical formulas of the substances involved in the reaction on the left side (reactants) and right side (products) of the equation, with an arrow indicating the direction of the reaction. This allows for a concise and standardized way to communicate the components of a chemical reaction.
23.
What synthetic, odorless, non toxic, non flammable and chemically inert groups of compound are known as CFC's?
Answer:
Chlorofluorocarbons
Explanation:
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are synthetic compounds that are odorless, non-toxic, non-flammable, and chemically inert. They are known for their stability and lack of reactivity, making them ideal for a variety of industrial applications. Additionally, CFCs were commonly used as refrigerants, solvents, and propellants before their harmful effects on the ozone layer were discovered, leading to their regulation and eventual phase-out in many countries.
24.
What is the most abundant element in the known universe?
Answer:
Hydrogen
Explanation:
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the known universe because it was the first element to form after the Big Bang and continues to be created in stars through nuclear fusion. It makes up about 75% of the elemental mass in the universe due to its simplicity and abundance in stars and interstellar gas clouds.
25.
Dr. Jonas Salk developed a vaccine for which virus in 1954?
Answer:
Polio
Explanation:
Dr. Jonas Salk developed a vaccine for polio in 1954. Polio was a highly contagious viral disease that caused paralysis and even death, particularly affecting children. Salk's vaccine was a breakthrough in medical history, effectively reducing the number of polio cases worldwide and eventually leading to the near eradication of the disease.
26.
What is the formula of sulphuric acid?
Answer:
H2SO4
Explanation:
Sulphuric acid is a strong mineral acid with the chemical formula H2SO4. It consists of two hydrogen atoms, one sulfur atom, and four oxygen atoms. The formula indicates that each molecule of sulphuric acid contains two hydrogen atoms, one sulfur atom, and four oxygen atoms, giving it its characteristic properties as a strong acid.
27.
What are the main two elements that undergo fusion to power the sun?
Answer:
Hydrogen And Helium
Explanation:
The main two elements that undergo fusion to power the sun are hydrogen and helium. In the sun's core, hydrogen atoms fuse together to form helium through a process called nuclear fusion. This fusion reaction releases a tremendous amount of energy in the form of heat and light, which is what powers the sun and allows it to emit light and heat.
28.
The study of composition and properties of substances and matter is called?
Answer:
Chemistry
Explanation:
Chemistry is the scientific study of the composition, structure, properties, and behavior of substances and matter. It involves analyzing and understanding the interactions between atoms and molecules, as well as the changes they undergo. Chemistry plays a crucial role in various fields such as medicine, agriculture, and environmental science, making it an essential branch of science for understanding the world around us.
29.
What is the chemical combination of silicon and oxygen called?
Answer:
Silica
Explanation:
Silica is the chemical combination of silicon and oxygen. It is a common mineral that is found in various forms such as quartz, sand, and glass. Silica is known for its hardness and resistance to high temperatures, making it a versatile material used in a wide range of industrial applications, including in the production of ceramics, electronics, and construction materials.
30.
What name is given to water in the gaseous state?
Answer:
Steam
Explanation:
Water in the gaseous state is called steam. When water is heated to its boiling point, it changes from a liquid to a gas, forming steam. Steam is commonly used in various industrial processes, as well as for cooking and heating purposes.
31.
What term is used for military use of harmful biological agents?
Answer:
Biological Warfare
Explanation:
Biological warfare refers to the military use of harmful biological agents, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, to cause illness or death in humans, animals, or plants. This form of warfare can be used to incapacitate or kill enemy forces, disrupt food supplies, or spread fear and chaos among civilian populations. The use of biological weapons is considered a violation of international law and ethical standards, as it targets indiscriminately and can have long-lasting effects on both the immediate and surrounding environment.
32.
What is a link between atoms in a molecule called?
Answer:
Chemical Bond
Explanation:
A chemical bond is the attractive force that holds atoms together in a molecule. It is formed when atoms share, donate, or accept electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. This bond is essential for the formation of molecules and determines the physical and chemical properties of substances.
33.
What are chemicals made from oil called?
Answer:
Petrochemicals
Explanation:
Petrochemicals are a type of chemical compounds that are derived from petroleum or natural gas. These chemicals are used in a wide range of products such as plastics, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and more. The term "petrochemicals" is used to distinguish these chemicals from other types of chemicals that are derived from biological sources.
34.
The science term "biological warfare" is best defined as?
Answer:
Military Use Of Harmful Agents
Explanation:
Biological warfare refers to the military use of harmful agents such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins to cause illness or death in humans, animals, or plants. This method of warfare involves intentionally releasing these agents into the environment to achieve military objectives, making it a dangerous and unethical practice that can have devastating consequences on both the targeted population and the environment.
35.
How does one find Molarity (M)?
Answer:
Moles Of Solute/L Of Solution
Explanation:
To find the molarity (M), one must divide the moles of solute by the liters of solution. This calculation gives the concentration of the solute in moles per liter of solution, which is the definition of molarity. This formula allows for a precise measurement of the concentration of a solute in a solution, which is crucial in various chemical and scientific applications.
36.
What is the main active chemical in marijuana?
Answer:
Tetrahydrocannabinol
Explanation:
Tetrahydrocannabinol, commonly known as THC, is the main active chemical in marijuana. It is responsible for the psychoactive effects of cannabis, such as the feeling of being high. THC interacts with the brain's endocannabinoid system, specifically with the CB1 receptors, leading to its various effects on mood, memory, and perception.
37.
What kind of party is the drug, ecstasy, most associated with?
Answer:
Rave
Explanation:
Ecstasy is a drug that is commonly associated with rave parties due to its stimulant and hallucinogenic effects, which can enhance the overall experience of the partygoers. Rave parties are known for their energetic and euphoric atmosphere, making them a popular setting for the use of ecstasy. The drug's ability to increase feelings of empathy, sociability, and sensory perception align well with the high-energy and social nature of rave parties.
38.
What happens to water when it freezes?
Answer:
Expands By About 9%
Explanation:
When water freezes, it forms a crystalline structure which causes the molecules to arrange themselves in a way that takes up more space than when they are in a liquid state. This expansion results in an increase in volume by about 9%, which is why ice is less dense than liquid water and floats on its surface.
39.
What common element reacts with chlorine?
Answer:
Sodium
Explanation:
Sodium is a common element that reacts with chlorine to form sodium chloride, which is commonly known as table salt. This reaction occurs because sodium has one electron in its outer shell, which it donates to chlorine, resulting in a stable ionic bond between the two elements. This reaction is a classic example of a metal reacting with a non-metal to form an ionic compound.
40.
What sort of change happens to a head of lettuce when you cut it in half?
Answer:
Physical
Explanation:
When you cut a head of lettuce in half, a physical change occurs. This is because the lettuce retains its chemical composition even after being cut, but its physical appearance and structure are altered. The cutting process does not change the lettuce at a molecular level, only at a visible level, making it a physical change.
41.
What will happen to a bowl of ice cream left in the sun?
Answer:
It Will Melt
Explanation:
When a bowl of ice cream is left in the sun, the heat from the sun will cause the ice cream to melt. This is because ice cream is made up of dairy and sugar, which have low melting points. As the sun's heat warms up the ice cream, the molecules within it will gain energy and move more quickly, causing the solid ice cream to turn into a liquid. This process is known as melting.
42.
What state of matter is air?
Answer:
Gas
Explanation:
Air is considered a gas because it is composed of various gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and others. These gases have high kinetic energy and are not bound together in a fixed volume or shape, allowing them to move freely and fill the space they are in. This characteristic of air being able to expand to fill any container and diffuse easily is a defining property of gases.
43.
What word means "two or more types of matter are evenly distributed in a mixture"?
Answer:
Solution
Explanation:
A solution is a type of mixture where two or more types of matter are evenly distributed. In a solution, the components are uniformly mixed at a molecular level, resulting in a homogeneous mixture. This is different from other types of mixtures, such as suspensions or colloids, where the components are not evenly distributed.
44.
Which element is a poisonous gas that combines with sodium to form table salt?
Answer:
Chlorine
Explanation:
Chlorine is a poisonous gas that combines with sodium to form table salt. This chemical reaction results in the creation of sodium chloride, which is commonly known as table salt. Chlorine is a highly reactive element that is essential for various industrial processes and water purification, but in its pure form, it is toxic and can be harmful to human health if inhaled or ingested.
45.
What do scientists use to help organize the elements?
Answer:
Periodic Table Of Elements
Explanation:
Scientists use the Periodic Table of Elements to help organize the elements based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and chemical properties. This table allows scientists to easily identify trends, patterns, and relationships among the elements, making it a valuable tool for understanding the behavior and characteristics of different elements.
46.
What property is a measurement of how hot or cold something is?
Answer:
Temperature
Explanation:
Temperature is a measurement of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. It indicates how hot or cold something is by determining the level of thermal energy present. Temperature is commonly measured using units such as Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin, providing a quantitative value to describe the thermal state of an object or environment.
47.
What makes matter expand when it's heated and contract when it's cooled?
Answer:
Heat
Explanation:
When matter is heated, the particles within the substance gain energy and move faster, causing them to spread out and take up more space, which results in expansion. Conversely, when matter is cooled, the particles lose energy and move slower, causing them to come closer together and occupy less space, resulting in contraction. This process is directly related to the transfer of heat energy within the substance.
48.
What are the building blocks of matter called?
Answer:
Atoms
Explanation:
Atoms are the basic units of matter and are considered the building blocks of all substances. They are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, which combine to form different elements. Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of that element.
49.
What is a substance made from only one type of atom called?
Answer:
Element
Explanation:
A substance made from only one type of atom is called an element because elements are pure substances composed of only one type of atom. Each element is represented by a unique chemical symbol and has distinct properties.
50.
Analysis of the black soot left over from a fire would reveal what primary element?
Answer:
Carbon
Explanation:
The black soot left over from a fire is primarily composed of carbon due to incomplete combustion of organic materials. Carbon is a common element found in organic matter such as wood, paper, and other fuels that are typically burned in fires. As these materials burn incompletely, they release carbon in the form of black soot, which can be analyzed to identify the presence of carbon.
51.
What is the abbreviation for an element called?
Answer:
Symbol
Explanation:
The abbreviation for an element is called a symbol. Symbols are used to represent elements in the periodic table and are typically one or two letters long. Each element has its own unique symbol, which is based on its name in English, Latin, or another language. Symbols are essential for scientists to communicate about elements in a concise and standardized way.
52.
What type of property does the water cycle show?
Answer:
Physical Property
Explanation:
The water cycle demonstrates physical properties because it involves the transformation of water between its three states - solid, liquid, and gas - through processes such as evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. These changes in state are due to physical factors like temperature and pressure, rather than chemical reactions. The water cycle does not involve any change in the chemical composition of water, only its physical state.
53.
Which state of matter has molecules packed together tightly?
Answer:
Solid
Explanation:
Solids have molecules that are packed closely together in a fixed arrangement, which gives them a definite shape and volume. This close packing of molecules results in solids having a high density compared to liquids and gases. In a solid state of matter, the molecules vibrate in place but do not move around freely like in liquids and gases, which contributes to their rigid structure.
54.
What will happen to most matter that is heated?
Answer:
It Expands
Explanation:
When matter is heated, its particles gain energy and move faster, causing them to spread out and take up more space. This increase in volume is known as expansion. This phenomenon is observed in various substances such as gases, liquids, and solids when they are heated. Therefore, most matter that is heated will expand due to the increased kinetic energy of its particles.
55.
What will usually happen to matter that is cooled?
Answer:
It Contracts
Explanation:
When matter is cooled, the particles within the substance lose energy and slow down, causing them to move closer together. This decrease in kinetic energy results in a decrease in volume, leading to the contraction of the matter. This is a common phenomenon observed in most substances when they are cooled, as the particles become more organized and compact due to the lower temperature.
56.
What metal is used in airplanes for its lightweight properties?
Answer:
Aluminum
Explanation:
Aluminum is used in airplanes for its lightweight properties because it has a low density compared to other metals, making it ideal for reducing the overall weight of the aircraft. This helps improve fuel efficiency and allows the aircraft to carry more payload while still maintaining structural integrity.
57.
What particle in an atom has a positive charge?
Answer:
Proton
Explanation:
Protons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom that carry a positive charge. They are crucial in determining the identity of an element and play a significant role in chemical reactions. Electrons, on the other hand, have a negative charge and orbit around the nucleus. Neutrons are neutral particles found in the nucleus along with protons.
58.
What energy is stored in the form of chemical compounds?
Answer:
Chemical Energy
Explanation:
Chemical energy is stored in the form of chemical compounds because it is the potential energy stored within the bonds of these compounds. When these bonds are broken, energy is released in the form of heat or light. This energy is derived from the arrangement of atoms within the molecules, making it a form of potential energy that can be released through chemical reactions.
59.
What is the total energy of particles in matter called?
Answer:
Thermal Energy
Explanation:
Thermal energy refers to the total energy of particles in matter, including both kinetic and potential energy. It is a measure of the internal energy of a system and is directly related to the temperature of the substance. Thermal energy plays a crucial role in various processes such as heat transfer, phase changes, and chemical reactions.
60.
What is thermal energy that moves from warmer objects to cooler ones called?
Answer:
Heat
Explanation:
Heat is the thermal energy that moves from warmer objects to cooler ones. This transfer of energy occurs due to the temperature difference between the two objects, with heat flowing from the higher temperature object to the lower temperature object until thermal equilibrium is reached.
61.
What is the unit defined as the energy needed to raise one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius?
Answer:
Calorie
Explanation:
A calorie is the unit of energy defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. It is commonly used in nutrition to measure the energy content of food and beverages.
62.
What do cooks use to tell when meat is done?
Answer:
Meat Thermometer
Explanation:
Cooks use a meat thermometer to accurately determine when meat is done cooking. This tool allows them to measure the internal temperature of the meat, ensuring that it has reached a safe temperature to eat and is cooked to their desired level of doneness. By using a meat thermometer, cooks can avoid undercooked or overcooked meat, resulting in a perfectly cooked dish.
63.
What device controls temperature with a switch?
Answer:
Thermostat
Explanation:
A thermostat is a device that controls temperature by using a switch to turn on or off the heating or cooling system based on the desired temperature setting. It is able to sense the current temperature and compare it to the set temperature, then activate the heating or cooling system accordingly to maintain the desired temperature in a space.
64.
What is table salt's chemical name?
Answer:
Sodium Chloride
Explanation:
Table salt's chemical name is Sodium Chloride because it is composed of sodium and chloride ions bonded together in a 1:1 ratio. Sodium chloride is a common compound found in nature and is widely used as a seasoning and preservative in food.
65.
What is the splitting of atomic nuclei called?
Answer:
Nuclear Fission
Explanation:
Nuclear fission is the process of splitting atomic nuclei, typically of heavy elements such as uranium or plutonium. During nuclear fission, a nucleus is bombarded with a neutron, causing it to split into two or more smaller nuclei, along with the release of a large amount of energy. This process is the basis for nuclear power plants and nuclear weapons, as it produces a significant amount of energy that can be harnessed for various purposes.
66.
What process causes molecules to move into areas that have fewer molecules?
Answer:
Diffusion
Explanation:
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This movement occurs due to the random motion of molecules, leading to a net movement towards areas with fewer molecules. This process continues until equilibrium is reached, with an equal distribution of molecules throughout the system.
67.
What is the smallest part of matter called?
Answer:
Atom
Explanation:
The smallest part of matter is called an atom because it is the basic unit of a chemical element and consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. Atoms are the building blocks of all matter and cannot be further divided without losing their chemical properties.
68.
Which is the major form of sugar used by living things as fuel?
Answer:
Glucose
Explanation:
Glucose is the major form of sugar used by living things as fuel because it is easily broken down in cells to produce energy through the process of cellular respiration. Glucose is a simple sugar that can be readily absorbed and utilized by cells to meet their energy needs. Additionally, glucose is a key component in the production of ATP, which is the primary energy currency of cells.
69.
What are electrically charged atoms called?
Answer:
Ions
Explanation:
Ions are electrically charged atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge. This process occurs when atoms interact with other atoms through chemical reactions, causing them to become either positively charged (cations) or negatively charged (anions).
70.
What is a combination of substances that still remain intact?
Answer:
Mixture
Explanation:
A mixture is a combination of substances that still remain intact because the individual components retain their properties and can be separated through physical means. This distinguishes it from a chemical reaction where substances combine to form new compounds. In a mixture, the substances do not chemically react with each other, allowing them to be easily separated.
71.
What are compounds that contain carbon called?
Answer:
Organic
Explanation:
Compounds that contain carbon are called organic because organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of carbon-containing compounds. Carbon has a unique ability to form strong bonds with other elements, allowing for the vast diversity of organic compounds found in nature.
72.
What are proteins that help speed up chemical reactions called?
Answer:
Enzymes
Explanation:
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions within cells by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. They do this by binding to specific substrates and facilitating the conversion of these substrates into products. This property of enzymes allows cells to efficiently carry out essential processes such as metabolism, DNA replication, and protein synthesis.
73.
What occurs when molecules are evenly spread out in a space?
Answer:
Equilibrium
Explanation:
When molecules are evenly spread out in a space, it indicates that there is a balance between the rate of molecules moving from one area to another and the rate of molecules returning. This state is known as equilibrium, where there is no net movement of molecules in any particular direction. This balance ensures that the concentration of molecules remains constant throughout the space.
74.
What is the diffusion of water through a cell membrane called?
Answer:
Osmosis
Explanation:
Osmosis is the process by which water molecules move across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration. In the context of a cell membrane, osmosis refers to the movement of water molecules through the lipid bilayer of the membrane in response to differences in solute concentration inside and outside the cell. This process is crucial for maintaining proper water balance and regulating the internal environment of cells.
75.
Relating to chemistry, what is a catalyst?
Answer:
Reaction Agent
Explanation:
A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. It works by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy for the reaction to occur, allowing the reaction to proceed faster. In this context, a catalyst can be considered a reaction agent as it facilitates the reaction without undergoing any permanent changes itself.
76.
What particle has a positive charge of 1 unit?
Answer:
Proton
Explanation:
Protons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom, each carrying a positive charge of 1 unit. This positive charge is due to the presence of an equal number of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons in a neutral atom. The proton is crucial in determining the element's identity and plays a significant role in the structure and behavior of atoms.
77.
How do acids normally taste?
Answer:
Sour
Explanation:
Acids typically taste sour because they release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water, which stimulate taste buds on the tongue that are sensitive to sour flavors. This reaction triggers a sour taste sensation in the brain, leading to the perception of acidity in foods and beverages.
78.
Which molecule may interact with cyclin dependent kinase?
Answer:
P21 Protein
Explanation:
P21 protein is known to interact with cyclin dependent kinase as it acts as a potent inhibitor of the complex formed by cyclin dependent kinase and cyclin, thereby regulating the cell cycle progression. This interaction helps in controlling the cell cycle by inhibiting the activity of cyclin dependent kinase when necessary, preventing uncontrolled cell growth and division.
79.
What is an atom that has more electrons than normal referred to as?
Answer:
Negative Ion
Explanation:
An atom that has more electrons than normal is referred to as a negative ion because it has gained extra electrons, giving it a negative charge. This imbalance of electrons causes the atom to be attracted to positively charged particles, leading to the formation of a negative ion.
80.
What two solvents could be used in a successful extraction?
Answer:
Water And Ether
Explanation:
Water and ether are commonly used as solvents in extractions because they have different polarities. Water is a polar solvent, while ether is a nonpolar solvent. This difference in polarity allows for the extraction of a wider range of compounds from a mixture. Water is often used to extract polar compounds, while ether is used to extract nonpolar compounds. By using both solvents in combination, a wider variety of compounds can be successfully extracted from the mixture.
81.
What is meant in saying that two liquids are miscible?
Answer:
They Are Mutually Soluble In Any Ratio
Explanation:
Two liquids are considered miscible when they can be mixed together in any proportion or ratio to form a homogeneous solution. This means that the molecules of the two liquids are able to intermingle and form a uniform mixture, indicating a strong molecular attraction between the components. This property is often observed in liquids that have similar chemical properties and polarity, allowing them to dissolve in each other easily.
82.
What does the "T' represent in t-butyl?
Answer:
Tertiary
Explanation:
In the term t-butyl, the "T" represents tertiary, which denotes the type of carbon atom present in the molecule. Tertiary carbon atoms are bonded to three other carbon atoms, making them highly substituted and less reactive compared to primary or secondary carbon atoms. In the case of t-butyl, the "t" stands for "tert," indicating that the butyl group is attached to a tertiary carbon atom.
83.
What phenomenon explains why cyclohexatriene does not exist?
Answer:
Aromaticity
Explanation:
Cyclohexatriene does not exist because it does not fulfill the criteria for aromaticity. Aromaticity is a property of some cyclic compounds where they exhibit extra stability due to a delocalized ring of electrons. In the case of cyclohexatriene, it would need to have 6 electrons in a fully conjugated pi system to be aromatic, but this is not possible with just 6 carbons. Therefore, cyclohexatriene cannot exist as a stable molecule.
84.
Which scientist was the first to discover that for DNA, "A=T and C=G"?
Answer:
Erwin Chargaff
Explanation:
Erwin Chargaff was the first scientist to discover the base pairing rule in DNA, which states that Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). This discovery was crucial in understanding the structure and function of DNA, as well as the mechanism of DNA replication. Chargaff's findings laid the foundation for the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA by Watson and Crick.
85.
Which element gained notoriety from poisoning the waters around Japan?
Answer:
Mercury
Explanation:
Mercury gained notoriety from poisoning the waters around Japan due to industrial pollution and improper disposal of mercury-containing waste. This toxic heavy metal can bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms, leading to serious health risks for both marine life and humans who consume contaminated seafood. The contamination of Japan's waters with mercury has had far-reaching environmental and public health consequences, highlighting the importance of proper waste management and pollution control measures.
86.
How are neutrons and protons held together in a nucleus?
Answer:
Nuclear Forces
Explanation:
Neutrons and protons are held together in a nucleus by strong nuclear forces. These forces are attractive and act over a very short range, binding the positively charged protons together despite their electromagnetic repulsion. The strong nuclear force is responsible for holding the nucleus together and overcoming the repulsive forces between protons.
87.
What is the primary use for silver?
Answer:
Photography
Explanation:
Silver is primarily used in photography due to its light sensitivity and ability to capture images. Silver halide crystals on photographic film or paper react to light, creating an image. This process has been used for many years in the photography industry, making silver an essential element in producing high-quality photographs.
88.
Which group of organic chemical compounds is characterized by the presence of one or more aliphatic hydroxy groups in the molecule?
Answer:
Alcohols
Explanation:
Alcohols are characterized by the presence of one or more aliphatic hydroxy groups in the molecule. Aliphatic hydroxy groups are functional groups consisting of an alkyl chain bonded to an oxygen atom with a hydrogen atom attached. This distinctive feature sets alcohols apart from other organic chemical compounds, making them easily identifiable within the group of organic compounds.
89.
What type of compound is prepared by the oxidation of primary alcohols?
Answer:
Aldehydes
Explanation:
Aldehydes are prepared by the oxidation of primary alcohols because primary alcohols can be oxidized to form aldehydes through a controlled oxidation process. This process involves the removal of two hydrogen atoms and the addition of an oxygen atom to the carbon atom of the alcohol, resulting in the formation of an aldehyde compound.
90.
What compounds that are soluble in water are classed as bases?
Answer:
Alkalis
Explanation:
Alkalis are compounds that are soluble in water and are classified as bases because they are capable of accepting protons (H+) from acids to form water and a salt. This property allows alkalis to neutralize acids, making them basic in nature. Examples of alkalis include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and ammonia.
91.
What substance is industrially prepared by the Haber Process?
Answer:
Ammonia
Explanation:
The Haber Process is used to industrially prepare ammonia. This process involves the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen gases at high pressure and temperature in the presence of a catalyst to produce ammonia. Ammonia is a key component in the production of fertilizers, cleaning products, and various other industrial applications.
92.
Which branch of chemistry deals with the determination of the chemical composition of substances?
Answer:
Analytical
Explanation:
Analytical chemistry is the branch of chemistry that focuses on the qualitative and quantitative determination of the chemical composition of substances. This field involves the use of various techniques and methods to analyze samples and identify their components. By studying analytical chemistry, scientists can understand the composition of substances, their properties, and how they interact with other substances.
93.
What are organic compounds in which some of the bonding elements are delocalized?
Answer:
Aromatic Compounds
Explanation:
Aromatic compounds are organic compounds in which some of the bonding electrons are delocalized, meaning they are not fixed between two atoms but instead spread out over a larger area. This delocalization gives aromatic compounds their unique stability and reactivity patterns.
94.
What is the result of the forces of attraction that hold together atoms of an element or elements to form a molecule or a compound?
Answer:
Bond
Explanation:
The forces of attraction that hold together atoms of an element or elements to form a molecule or a compound are known as bonds. Bonds are formed when atoms share, donate, or receive electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. These bonds can be covalent, ionic, or metallic depending on the type of atoms involved and the way they interact with each other. Bonds are essential for holding atoms together in a molecule or compound.
95.
What is the mechanism that produces very fast exothermic reactions, as in the formation of flames and explosions?
Answer:
Chain Reaction
Explanation:
Chain reactions involve a series of repeated reactions where a reactive intermediate is continuously regenerated. In the case of very fast exothermic reactions such as the formation of flames and explosions, chain reactions play a crucial role in propagating the reaction rapidly. This is because the initial reaction triggers a series of subsequent reactions, leading to a rapid release of energy and the formation of flames or explosions. The self-sustaining nature of chain reactions allows for the quick and efficient conversion of reactants into products, resulting in the fast exothermic reactions observed in these scenarios.
96.
In RNA thymine from DNA is replaced by what?
Answer:
Uracil
Explanation:
In RNA, thymine from DNA is replaced by uracil. This substitution occurs during the transcription process, where RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA molecules using DNA as a template. Uracil is a nitrogenous base that pairs with adenine in RNA, just like thymine pairs with adenine in DNA. This replacement is necessary because RNA does not contain thymine, so uracil serves as its equivalent base.
97.
What element has an atomic number of 40?
Answer:
Zirconium
Explanation:
Zirconium has an atomic number of 40, which means it has 40 protons in its nucleus. This places zirconium on the periodic table as the element with the atomic number 40, making it easy to identify based on its unique number of protons.
98.
What is 37 degrees Celsius in Fahrenheit?
Answer:
98.6 Degrees F
Explanation:
37 degrees Celsius is equivalent to 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. This conversion is a commonly known formula where you multiply the Celsius temperature by 9/5 and then add 32 to get the Fahrenheit temperature. In this case, when you apply this formula to 37 degrees Celsius, you will get 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit.
99.
On a prescription, what does "QOD" stand for?
Answer:
Every Other Day
Explanation:
"QOD" stands for "Every Other Day" on a prescription because it is an abbreviation used in medical terminology to indicate that the medication should be taken every second day, rather than daily. This abbreviation helps to ensure proper dosing and adherence to the prescribed treatment regimen.
100.
In a triple bond, how many each pi and sigma bonds are there?
Answer:
Two Pi, One Sigma
Explanation:
In a triple bond, there are two pi bonds and one sigma bond. Pi bonds are formed by the overlapping of p orbitals above and below the bonding axis, while sigma bonds are formed by the head-on overlap of atomic orbitals along the bonding axis. In a triple bond, there are two pi bonds formed by the overlapping of two sets of p orbitals and one sigma bond formed by the head-on overlap of atomic orbitals.
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