NCLEX Practice Exam 5 (10 Questions)

1.

A new mother has some questions about phenylketonuria (PKU). Which of the following statements made by a nurse is not correct regarding PKU?

A.

A Guthrie test can check the necessary lab values.
B.

The urine has a high concentration of phenylpyruvic acid
C.

Mental deficits are often present with PKU.
D.

The effects of PKU are reversible.

Correct Answer
D. The effects of PKU are reversible.

Explanation
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited disorder that increases the levels of phenylalanine (a building block of proteins) in the blood. If PKU is not treated, phenylalanine can build up to harmful levels in the body, causing intellectual disability and other serious health problems. The signs and symptoms of PKU vary from mild to severe. The most severe form of this disorder is known as classic PKU. Infants with classic PKU appear normal until they are a few months old. Without treatment, these children develop a permanent intellectual disability. Seizures, delayed development, behavioral problems, and psychiatric disorders are also common. Untreated individuals may have a musty or mouse-like odor as a side effect of excess phenylalanine in the body. Children with classic PKU tend to have lighter skin and hair than unaffected family members and are also likely to have skin disorders such as eczema. The effects of PKU stay with the infant throughout their life (via Genetic Home Reference).

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2.

A patient has taken an overdose of aspirin. Which of the following should a nurse most closely monitor for during acute management of this patient?

A.

Onset of pulmonary edema
B.

Metabolic alkalosis
C.

Respiratory alkalosis
D.

Parkinson’s disease type symptoms

Correct Answer
A. Onset of pulmonary edema

Explanation
In the acute management of a patient who has taken an overdose of aspirin, the nurse should closely monitor for the onset of pulmonary edema. Aspirin overdose can lead to respiratory alkalosis, which is characterized by hyperventilation and a decrease in carbon dioxide levels. This can cause fluid to leak into the lungs, leading to pulmonary edema. Monitoring for the onset of pulmonary edema is crucial in order to provide timely intervention and prevent further complications.

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3.

A 50-year-old blind and deaf patient have been admitted to your floor. As the charge nurse, your primary responsibility for this patient is?

A.

Let others know about the patient’s deficits.
B.

Communicate with your supervisor your patient safety concerns.
C.

Continuously update the patient on the social environment.
D.

Provide a secure environment for the patient.

Correct Answer
D. Provide a secure environment for the patient.

Explanation
This patient’s safety is your primary concern.

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4.

A patient is getting discharged from a skilled nursing facility (SNF). The patient has a history of severe COPD and PVD. The patient is primarily concerned about his ability to breathe easily. Which of the following would be the best instruction for this patient?

A.

Deep breathing techniques to increase oxygen levels.
B.

Cough regularly and deeply to clear airway passages.
C.

Cough following bronchodilator utilization.
D.

Decrease CO2 levels by increased oxygen take output during meals.

Correct Answer
C. Cough following bronchodilator utilization.

Explanation
The bronchodilator will allow a more productive cough.

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5.

A nurse is caring for an infant that has recently been diagnosed with a congenital heart defect. Which of the following clinical signs would most likely be present?

A.

Slow pulse rate
B.

Weight gain
C.

Decreased systolic pressure
D.

Irregular WBC lab values

Correct Answer
B. Weight gain

Explanation
Weight gain due to fluid accumulation is associated with heart failure and congenital heart defects.

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6.

A mother has recently been informed that her child has Down’s syndrome. You will be assigned to care for the child at shift change. Which of the following characteristics is not associated with Down’s syndrome?

A.

Simian crease
B.

Brachycephaly
C.

Oily skin
D.

Hypotonicity

Correct Answer
C. Oily skin

Explanation
The skin would be dry and not oily.

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7.

A client with myocardial infarction is receiving tissue plasminogen activator, alteplase (Activase, tPA). While on the therapy, the nurse plans to prioritize which of the following?

A.

Observe for neurological changes.
B.

Monitor for any signs of renal failure.
C.

Check the food diary.
D.

Observe for signs of bleeding.

Correct Answer
D. Observe for signs of bleeding.

Explanation
Bleeding is the priority concern for a client taking thrombolytic medication.

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8.

A patient asks a nurse, “My doctor recommended I increase my intake of folic acid. What type of foods contain the highest concentration of folic acids?”

A.

Green vegetables and liver
B.

Yellow vegetables and red meat
C.

Carrots
D.

Milk

Correct Answer
A. Green vegetables and liver

Explanation
Green vegetables and liver are a great source of folic acid.

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9.

A nurse is putting together a presentation on meningitis. Which of the following microorganisms has not been linked to meningitis in humans?

A.

S. pneumoniae
B.

H. influenzae
C.

N. meningitidis
D.

Cl. difficile

Correct Answer
D. Cl. difficile

Explanation
Cl. difficile has not been linked to meningitis.

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10.

A nurse is administering blood to a patient who has a low hemoglobin count. The patient asks how long to RBC’s last in my body? The correct response is.

A.

The life span of RBC is 45 days.
B.

The life span of RBC is 60 days.
C.

The life span of RBC is 90 days.
D.

The life span of RBC is 120 days.

Correct Answer
D. The life span of RBC is 120 days.

Explanation
Red blood cells have a lifespan of 120 in the body.

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