What Is The Main Cause Of Seizures And Epilepsy?
Take this quiz and learn cause of seizures and epilepsy!
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Seizures are....
- A.
Diseases
- B.
Symptoms
- C.
Allergic reactions
Correct Answer
B. SymptomsExplanation
Seizures are not diseases themselves but rather symptoms of an underlying condition. They are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain and can be a result of various factors such as epilepsy, head injuries, infections, or certain medications. Seizures can manifest in different ways, including convulsions, loss of consciousness, or abnormal sensations. Therefore, considering seizures as symptoms is an accurate explanation.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What is epilepsy characterized by?
- A.
4 unprovoked seizures at least 42 hours apart
- B.
2 provoked seizures within 48 hours
- C.
2 unprovoked seizures at least 24 hours apart
Correct Answer
C. 2 unprovoked seizures at least 24 hours apartExplanation
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. These seizures occur spontaneously and are not triggered by any specific external factors. The answer choice "2 unprovoked seizures at least 24 hours apart" accurately describes the frequency and nature of seizures in epilepsy. The requirement of at least two seizures helps to differentiate epilepsy from isolated or provoked seizures, which may occur due to temporary factors such as fever or drug withdrawal. The minimum time gap of 24 hours ensures that the seizures are not part of a single prolonged event.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A seizure that occurs at the time or briefly following a recoent brain disorder
- A.
Acute Symptomatic seizure
- B.
Unprovoked seizure
- C.
Chronic seizure
Correct Answer
A. Acute Symptomatic seizureExplanation
An acute symptomatic seizure refers to a seizure that occurs as a direct result of a recent brain disorder or injury. This means that there is a clear and identifiable cause for the seizure, such as a stroke, infection, or head trauma. The seizure happens either at the time of the brain disorder or shortly afterwards. It is different from an unprovoked seizure, which occurs without any apparent cause, and a chronic seizure, which refers to seizures that occur repeatedly over a long period of time.Rate this question:
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- 4.
When does an acute symptomatic seizure occur?
- A.
Within 2 weeks of brain insult
- B.
Within 1 year of brain insult
- C.
Within 1 week of brain insult
- D.
Within 1 day of brain insult
Correct Answer
C. Within 1 week of brain insultExplanation
An acute symptomatic seizure refers to a seizure that occurs as a direct result of a specific brain insult or injury. This can include conditions such as trauma, infection, stroke, or metabolic abnormalities. The correct answer states that an acute symptomatic seizure typically occurs within 1 week of the brain insult. This timeframe is significant because it suggests that the seizure is directly related to the recent insult and helps guide medical professionals in diagnosing and treating the underlying cause of the seizure.Rate this question:
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- 5.
How many major classes of seizures are there?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
B. 2Explanation
There are two major classes of seizures.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What are the 2 major classes of seizures?
- A.
Generalized onset
- B.
Partial onset
- C.
Absence onset
- D.
Tonic onset
- E.
Acute onset
Correct Answer(s)
A. Generalized onset
B. Partial onsetExplanation
The correct answer is generalized onset and partial onset. Seizures can be categorized into two major classes based on their onset patterns. Generalized onset seizures involve abnormal electrical activity throughout the brain from the beginning, resulting in loss of consciousness and convulsions. On the other hand, partial onset seizures start in a specific area of the brain and may or may not involve loss of consciousness. These two classes encompass the majority of seizure types and help in understanding and diagnosing different forms of epilepsy.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Type of partial seizure where patient is alert during seizure
- A.
Simple
- B.
Complex
- C.
Secondarily Generalized
Correct Answer
A. SimpleExplanation
A simple partial seizure is a type of seizure where the patient remains alert and conscious during the seizure. In this type of seizure, only a specific part of the brain is affected, causing localized symptoms such as twitching, tingling, or hallucinations. The patient may experience unusual sensations or movements, but they are fully aware of their surroundings and can remember the seizure afterwards. This is in contrast to complex partial seizures, where the patient may experience altered consciousness and have no memory of the seizure. Secondarily generalized seizures involve an initial partial seizure that then spreads to involve the entire brain, resulting in loss of consciousness.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Type of seizure where pt has a change in awareness
- A.
Simple
- B.
Complex
- C.
Secondarily generalized
Correct Answer
B. ComplexExplanation
A complex seizure is a type of seizure where the individual experiences a change in awareness. During a complex seizure, the person may exhibit altered consciousness, confusion, and may engage in automatic behaviors such as lip smacking or repetitive movements. These seizures typically last longer than simple seizures and can involve both sides of the brain. Complex seizures are often associated with a loss of memory or awareness of the event afterwards.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Type of generalized seizure where there is staring and blinking
- A.
Absence
- B.
Tonic-clonic
- C.
Myoclonic
- D.
Atonic
Correct Answer
A. AbsenceExplanation
Absence seizures, also known as petit mal seizures, are a type of generalized seizure characterized by brief episodes of staring and blinking. During an absence seizure, the person may appear to be daydreaming or "zoning out" for a few seconds. These seizures typically begin and end abruptly, and the person may not have any memory of the episode afterwards. Absence seizures are most commonly seen in children and can occur multiple times throughout the day. They are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain and can be treated with anti-seizure medications.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Seizure where the pt goes stiff and falls followed by convulsion
- A.
Absence
- B.
Tonic-clonic
- C.
Tonic
- D.
Atonic
Correct Answer
B. Tonic-clonicExplanation
The given correct answer, tonic-clonic, is the most appropriate explanation for the described seizure where the patient goes stiff and falls followed by convulsions. A tonic-clonic seizure, also known as a grand mal seizure, is a type of seizure characterized by a sudden loss of consciousness, muscle stiffness (tonic phase), and subsequent rhythmic jerking movements (clonic phase). This seizure type fits the description provided, making tonic-clonic the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Seizure where pt falls limply to the ground
- A.
Absence
- B.
Tonic-clonic
- C.
Myoclonic
- D.
Atonic
Correct Answer
D. AtonicExplanation
Atonic seizures are characterized by a sudden loss of muscle tone, causing the individual to fall limp to the ground. This type of seizure is often referred to as a "drop attack" due to the sudden collapse. During an atonic seizure, there is a temporary loss of consciousness, but the person typically recovers quickly once the seizure ends.Rate this question:
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- 12.
These seizures may look like temporal lobe seizure and pt cannot control their motor functions
- A.
Frontal lobe complex partial seizure
- B.
Temporal lobe complex partial seizure
- C.
Secodarily generalized seiuzures
- D.
Complex partial seizures
Correct Answer
A. Frontal lobe complex partial seizureExplanation
This type of seizure is characterized by abnormal electrical activity in the frontal lobe of the brain. It can cause a variety of symptoms, including impaired motor control, such as the inability to control one's movements. This is different from temporal lobe seizures, which primarily affect the temporal lobe and may have different symptoms. Additionally, the term "complex partial seizure" refers to a type of seizure that affects a specific area of the brain and can cause altered consciousness or unusual behaviors.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Auras occur before this type of seizure?
- A.
Simple partial
- B.
Complex partial
- C.
Secondarily generalized partial
Correct Answer(s)
A. Simple partial
B. Complex partial
C. Secondarily generalized partialExplanation
Auras occur before all three types of seizures mentioned in the options: simple partial, complex partial, and secondarily generalized partial. Auras are warning signs or symptoms that some individuals experience before a seizure. They can vary from person to person but often include sensory disturbances, such as visual or auditory hallucinations, strange smells or tastes, or a feeling of déjà vu. Therefore, all three options are correct.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Temporal lobe is the most common site for this seizure followed by the frontal lobe
- A.
Simple
- B.
Complex
- C.
Secondarily generalized
Correct Answer
B. ComplexExplanation
Complex seizures are characterized by impaired consciousness and can involve various regions of the brain. The temporal lobe is the most common site for complex seizures, followed by the frontal lobe. This means that seizures originating in the temporal lobe are more likely to result in impaired consciousness compared to seizures originating in other regions.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Seizures that show with automatisms such as lip smacking, chewing, and picking
- A.
Secondarily generalized seizures
- B.
Temporal lobe complex partial seizures
- C.
Frontal lobe complex partial seizures
- D.
Complex partial seizures
Correct Answer
B. Temporal lobe complex partial seizuresExplanation
Temporal lobe complex partial seizures are characterized by automatisms such as lip smacking, chewing, and picking. These seizures originate in the temporal lobe of the brain and can spread to involve other areas, leading to secondary generalization. Frontal lobe complex partial seizures may also present with automatisms, but they typically have a different pattern of symptoms. Complex partial seizures is a broader term that encompasses seizures with impaired consciousness and various types of automatisms, but temporal lobe complex partial seizures specifically match the given symptoms. Therefore, the correct answer is temporal lobe complex partial seizures.Rate this question:
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- 16.
For epileptic seizures what is favored?
- A.
Excitatory
- B.
Inhibitory
Correct Answer
A. ExcitatoryExplanation
Epileptic seizures are caused by abnormal and excessive electrical activity in the brain. Excitatory neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, play a key role in promoting this excessive activity and triggering seizures. Therefore, it is favored that epileptic seizures are associated with excitatory processes rather than inhibitory ones.Rate this question:
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- 17.
When is the highest incidence of epileptic seizures?
- A.
0-1yrs
- B.
20-30yrs
- C.
55-65yrs
- D.
65-older
Correct Answer
D. 65-olderExplanation
The highest incidence of epileptic seizures is typically seen in individuals who are 65 years old or older. This age group is more prone to developing epilepsy due to factors such as age-related brain changes, underlying health conditions, and medication interactions. Additionally, older adults may have a higher risk of falls or injuries during seizures, making it crucial to manage their condition effectively.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The 2nd highest incidence of epileptic seizures occurs when?
- A.
0-1yrs
- B.
20-30yrs
- C.
55-65
- D.
65-older
Correct Answer
A. 0-1yrsExplanation
The 2nd highest incidence of epileptic seizures occurs in infants aged 0-1 years. This age group experiences a high incidence of seizures due to factors such as genetic predisposition, birth complications, and developmental abnormalities. The immature brain and nervous system of infants make them more susceptible to seizures. However, it is important to note that the highest incidence of epileptic seizures occurs in the elderly population.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What are the causes of generalized onset seizures?
- A.
Abnormal thalmocortical interactions
- B.
Altered ion channels
- C.
Genetic mechanisms
Correct Answer(s)
A. Abnormal thalmocortical interactions
B. Altered ion channels
C. Genetic mechanismsExplanation
Generalized onset seizures can be caused by abnormal thalamocortical interactions, altered ion channels, and genetic mechanisms. Abnormal thalamocortical interactions refer to the dysfunction in the communication between the thalamus and the cerebral cortex, which can lead to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Altered ion channels can disrupt the balance of ions, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium, in the neurons, affecting their ability to generate and transmit electrical signals. Genetic mechanisms can also play a role in generalized onset seizures, as certain genetic mutations can predispose individuals to seizure activity.Rate this question:
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- 20.
When do you do a CT scan in regards to seizures?
- A.
You don't. There is only MRI
- B.
CT is preferred
- C.
When you suspect trauma
Correct Answer
C. When you suspect traumaExplanation
When a patient presents with seizures and there is a suspicion of trauma, a CT scan is performed. This is because a CT scan is better suited for detecting acute traumatic injuries such as bleeding or fractures, which may be the cause of the seizures. MRI, on the other hand, is more commonly used for evaluating chronic or structural causes of seizures. Therefore, in cases where trauma is suspected, a CT scan is preferred over an MRI.Rate this question:
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- 21.
A normal EEG rules out the diagnosis of epilepsy
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
A normal EEG does not rule out the diagnosis of epilepsy because epilepsy can still be present even if the EEG does not show any abnormalities. An EEG is a test that measures the electrical activity in the brain, and while it can be helpful in diagnosing epilepsy, it is not definitive. Other diagnostic tests and evaluations, such as a thorough medical history, physical examination, and observation of seizures, are also necessary to accurately diagnose epilepsy. Therefore, the statement that a normal EEG rules out the diagnosis of epilepsy is false.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Mar 22, 2010Quiz Created by
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